Psych 2 Exam

Mark is a graduate student who is studying identity formation. He interviews a group of 5- year-olds, a group of 10-year-olds, and a group of 15-year-olds, and asks them what they plan to be when they finish school. In this example, Mark is using a __ research design.

b. cross-sectional design

Melanie presents infants with the same red light repeatedly until the infants quit looking at it. She then presents a new, slightly different colored light and records whether the infants resume responding. This is an example of:

b. the habituation precedure

(responses that lead to satisfying consequences are more likely to be repeated.) this is the law of: a. consequences b. reward c. effect d. reinforcement

c. effect

Often, a conditioned response may be elicited not only by the original CS, but by a similar one as well. This is known as stimulus:

c. generalization

psychologists use the term______. to refer to a relatively permanent change in knowledge or behavior resulting from experience

c. learning

Almost everybody has had the feeling of knowing the answer to a question, but not being quite able to say it. This is called the "tip-of-the-tongue" phenomenon and is a failure of: a. retention b. storage c. retrieval d. rehearsal

c. retrieval

In Paiget's theory the mental models children use to interpret and guide their experiences are called ___.

c. schemas

according to your text, one of the key brain regions in explicit memory is a limbic system structure called the ___. a. hippocampus b. hypthalamus c. amygdala d. thalamus

a. hippocampus

learning that occurs internally and is expressed behaviorally only when there is sufficient motivation to do so is called_______ learning.

a. latent

As compared to behaviors reinforced on continuous schedules, behaviors reinforced intermittently are _______ resistant to extinction. a. more b. slightly less c. equally d. much less

a. more

A child demonstrates object permanence, egocentrism, and a failure to conserve. She is MOST likely in which Piagetian stage? a. preoperational b. concrete operational c. pre-childhood d. formal operational

a. preoperational

Joan's mom and dad believe that parents know best. They expect Joan to obey all parental rules without uttering a word, and they are quick to impose stern punishments if she does not comply. In Baumrind's terms, Joan's parents are:

d. authoritarian

May's cat runs to the kitchen not only when it hears the electric can opener, but also when it hears May open the cabinet to retrieve the can opener. This example illustrates ________ conditioning. When May's cat runs at the sound of the cabinet door opening, the sound is a(n) ________ stimulus.

a. the sound of the can opener, and b. the sound of the cabinet door both A.and b

As you work on a complex multiplication problem in your head, the numbers you are manipulating are in your __________ memory, and the multiplication tables you are drawing on are in _________ memory. a. working; long-term b. working; sensory c. long-term; working d. sensory; working

a. working; long-term

Psychologists use the term_____ to refer to the physiologyical, behavioral, cognitive, and social changes that occur throughout life.

b. development

Grace is a 19-year-old college sophomore. She is living away from home for the first time and is trying to decide on a major. Grace is in a phase of life many developmental psychologists term ________ adulthood.

b. emerging

An essay question is a _____ test of memory. A multiple-choice question is a _____ test. a. recall; recall test also b. recall; recognition test c. recall; learning test d. recognition; recognition test also

b. recall; recognition test

Nana is taking a Spanish final at the end of the spring semester. The problem is, the French vocabulary she learned the semester before keeps getting in the way, causing her to forget Spanish words. Nana is experiencing _____ interference.

c proactive

Drew is unable to recall whether Lincoln's head faces left or right on the penny. Which of the following is probably the best explanation for Drew's memory failure? a. the information is to retrieve, because it is stored along with so many other pieces of information in drew's procedural memory b. the information was learned so long ago that it is no longer stored in drew's long-term memory c. the information was not encoded, because drew never really paid attention to lincoln's head on the penny d. the information was immediately displaced from drew's working memory after it was encoded

c. the information was not encoded, because drew never really paid attention to lincoln's head on the penny

according to erkison, the first challenge in development of child is that of: a. initative b. industry versus inferiority c. trust vs. mistrust d. autonomy versus shame

c. trust vs. mistrust

A typical multiple-choice question on a psychology test is an example of both a _____ and a(n) _____ test of memory. a. recall; implicit b. recall; explicit c. relearning; implicit d. recognition; explicit

d recognition; explicit

Omar experienced a dissociative fugue state. He suddenly snapped out of it in front of a pet-supplies display in a Boise, Idaho discount store; he had no memory whatsoever of his previous life in Greensboro, North Carolina. Omar's amnesia is best described as:

d retrograde

dr. acreneaux has developed several alternative plans to increase the number of online practice quizzes his students complete. which plan below INCORRECTLY matched with the reinforcement schedule? a. 1 bonus point for every two online practice quizzes completed- fixed ratio b. 1 bonus point awarded every two weeks if two or more quizzes have been completed- fixed-interval c. 1 bonus point awarded every two weeks on average if two or more quizzes have been completed recently-variable ratio d. all the above are correctly matched

d. all the above are correctly matched

According to paiget, the process of fitting new experiences into existing schemata is called ________, whereas the process of changing or modifying existing schemata to make sense of new experiences is called___. a. accomodation; assimilation b. conservation; accomodation c. assimilation; conservation d. assimilation; accomodation

d. assimilation; accomodation

Operant conditioning involves forming associations between:

d. behavior and consquences

Jonas is a veteran of the war in Iraq. He suffers from PTSD. Now, back home in a quiet California neighborhood, he jumps when he hears a firecracker or a car backfire. In the terminology of classical conditioning, these sounds are best thought of as ________ stimuli.

d. conditioned

on a test of recall, participants who learn a list of words in one room do better if tested in the same room than if tested in a different room. this finding is best explained by:

d. context-dependent learning

according to the principle of elaborative encoding, which of the following study techniques would best enhance memory? a. highlighting important pages in the text b. copying the text into a notebook c. reading aloud important passages in the text d. relating the meaning of important passsages in the text to other information that you know

d. relating the meaning of important passages in the text to other information that you know

Mrs. Martin, a third-grade teacher, is instructing cursive writing. At first, she reinforces even crude attempts to reproduce letters with an encouraging word; as time goes on, though, she reinforces only well-formed letters. By reinforcing progressively better attempts at writing letters, Mrs. Martin is using:

d. shaping

A fertilized egg is termed (an) a. embryo b. ovium c. amniote d. zygote

d. zygote