PSYCH 2301.030 Thinking like a Psychologist Scientist Review
What is a type I error?
Finding a relationship when none really exists.
What does it mean for a theory to be "fruitful"?
It opens the way for other useful research.
______ is/are a way to see if observed data differ from what the data would look like if there was no relationship between the variables.
Null hypothesis significance testing
What does the alternative hypothesis predict in NHST?
That there is a relationship between two variables.
News media might report scientific claims as "proven." Why is this a problem?
The scientific method is based on probabilities, not proof.
When scientific theories are revised with new data, these revisions hope to increase the theory's ______ to real-world observations.
accuracy
Values reflect ______.
beliefs about the way the world should be.
Of those listed, which is the lowest level of analysis? - Cognitive - Cultural - Biological - Behavioral
biological
A scientific theory has ______ when it agrees with other theories within and across disciplines.
consistency
A statement that can be shown to be false is ______.
falsifiable
A prediction that is tested by researchers is called a/an ______.
hypothesis
Making a p-value smaller ______ the chance of a type II error.
increases
A kettle boils because of molecular heat transfer, and because someone put the kettle on for a cup of tea. This demonstrates ______.
levels of analysis
In null hypothesis significance testing, the researcher is attempting to falsify the ______.
null hypothesis
Making a ______ smaller decreases the chance of a type I error.
p-value
The idea of falsifiability involves ______.
ruling out bad explanations
Inductive reasoning is based on data from ______.
samples
Inductive reasoning involves drawing conclusions from
specific observations
Inductive reasoning involves drawing conclusions from ______.
specific observations
Research findings are applied by people in a way that is consistent with ______.
their values
Part of the problem with horoscopes, scientifically speaking, is that ______.
they are so vague, they cannot be falsified.