psych bluff review and ap classroom

What is the average length of a typical sleep cycle?

90 min

Researchers looking to create a drug to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease would most likely focus their efforts on which of the following neurotransmitters?

Acetylcholine acetylcholine has involvement in memory, motivation, arousal, and attention

Part of peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and muscles of internal organs.

Autonomic nervous system -component of the peripheral nervous system that regulates involuntary physiologic processes including heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, digestion, and sexual arousal. sympathetic : "fight or flight" - increasing your heart rate and breathing ability, improving your eyesight and slowing down processes like digestion. parasympathetic: lows our heart and breathing rates, lowers blood pressure and promotes digestion. Our body enters a state of relaxation, and this relaxation breeds recovery

The scientific study of observable behavior, and its explanation by principles of learning?

Behavorial Psychology

Branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders?

Clinical psychology

Our awareness of our environment and ourselves.

Consciousness

Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort.

Effortful processing

Four-year-old Scott fell down the stairs at his grandmother's house. Although he was not badly hurt, he was very frightened. Now, whenever his parents mention visiting his grandmother's house, he feels anxious and fearful. In classical conditioning terms, what are the conditioned stimulus (CS) and the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) in the scenario, respectively?

Grandmother's house; falling

Proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes.

Heritability

A dog bit Sam when he was a small child and now Sam believes all dogs bite. Which of the following is a type of reasoning that Sam is using to come to this conclusion?

Inductive - Inductive reasoning is often used to generate predictions or to make forecasts. -form of reasoning in which inferences and general principles are drawn from specific observations and cases inductive reasoning involves starting from specific premises and forming a general conclusion, while deductive reasoning involves using general premises to form a specific conclusion Deductive reasoning is a logical approach where you progress from general ideas to specific conclusions.

Learning that occurs but not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.

Latent learning

Which of the following most clearly demonstrates social learning theory? A After getting sick from eating a spoiled oyster, Ethel never eats another oyster again. B Mavis learns a line dance by watching her friends perform it. C Neville becomes dependent on alcohol because he finds that after drinking it he temporarily forgets his problems. D After writing his paper at the last minute, Raul gets a bad grade and never procrastinates again. E Xanthe deletes his social media accounts after experiencing harsh bullying from others online.

Mavis learns a line dance by watching her friends perform it. -This example illustrates learning by observing other people's behaviors.

Mr. Imbriano is known for having uncontrollable sleep attacks while teaching. What sleep disorder does this describe?

Narcolepsy

Grace scratches her eye every time it itches to make the feeling go away. This is an example of...

Negative reinforcement

Assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance.

Random assignment

According to the Young-Helmholtz (Trichromatic) Theory, our retina is able to recognize which 3 colors?

Red, blue, green

You've walked to a friends house so many times that you could probably do it with your eyes closed. This fits the description of

Top-Down Processing/Cognitive Map -bottom up is using sensory

What area of the brain has been damaged if someone is constantly speaking incoherently to you?

Wernicke's Area Broca's area: messed up speech

Brief electrical charge that travels down an axon.

action potential

Slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state.

alpha waves

The extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands.

axon

What is the "Little brain "that processes sensory input and also keeps someone from falling out of their seat?

cerebellum

Branch of psychology that focuses on how our mental processes and how we think?

cognitive psychology

Memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and declare.

explicit/declarative memory

The diminishing of a conditioned response.

extinction

the fact that you did not see the curtains change color or the gorilla passing best describes...

inattentional blindness

The right answer to a problem suddenly pops into Spencer's head. The moment this occurs is known as...

insight

What connects our brain and spinal cord to our sensory neurons?

interneurons

System for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts.

kinesthesia

Doughnut-shaped neural system associated with emotions and drives.

limbic system limbic system is composed of four main parts: the hypothalamus, the amygdala, the thalamus, and the hippocampus. - hypothalamus: four f's- fight/flight, feed/fornicate

formation of new neurons

neurogenesis

Smallest distinctive sound unit in language.

phoneme

All the cases in a group being studied, from which samples may be drawn.

population

Increasing behaviors by presenting positive stimuli, such as food.

positive reinforcement

Elena is presented with a list of 20 numbers. When asked to recall this list, she remembers more numbers from the beginning than from the end of the list. This phenomenon demonstrates which of the following types of effect?

primacy effect The primacy effect is connected to the recency effect — the fact that we recall the latest information better enhanced memory for items presented at the beginning of a list

Branch of psychology that studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior?

psychodynamic psychology -freud

Process of getting information out of memory storage.

retrieval

A neurotransmitter's reabsorption by the sending neuron.

reuptake

Research shows that women who are referred by a physician to participate in a study of eating disorders have more severe problems than women who volunteer on their own to participate in the study. If research on eating disorders regularly involves only women referred by physicians, the results of the studies might be limited because of the presence of

sampling bias - A problem that occurs when a sample is not representative of the population from which it is drawn

Operant conditioning procedure where reinforcers guide behavior toward closer approximations of a desired behavior.

shaping

Computed measure of how scores vary around the mean score

standard deviation

Technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group, usually by questioning a random sample of the group.

survey

Rules for combining into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language.

syntax semantics: meaning

Which lobe is most involved with storage of long-term memories and also processes what we hear?

temporal lobe

Brain's sensory switchboard, directs messages to sensory receiving areas.

thalamus

To salivate when you see food is a...

unconditioned response