Psych ch5

Sixteen-year-old Michael begins growing a marijuana plant in a corner of his family's garden. His stepfather asks him to remove it because it is illegal. In Kohlberg's terms, Michael's stepfather is demonstrating _____reasoning.

Conventional

Christina is in the eighth grade and is taking pre-algebra. She is doing very well and will be in Algebra 1 next year. Christina is MOST likely in which of Piaget's stages of cognitive development?

Formal operational

_____ gave Stanford nursery schoolchildren a choice between a marshmallow now and two later. He found that the children who were able to wait had higher completion rates and incomes and were less likely to experience addiction as an adult. He also found that this tendency to wait or not persisted even 40 years later.

Mischel Walter

The importance of schemas was MOST clearly highlighted by _____ and his cognitive development theory.

Piaget

Why did research participants state that they would kill one person to save five when it involved flipping a trolley switch but then refuse to apply the same "kill one to save five" when it involved pushing a person?

They used the emotional part of their brain to refuse to push.

Ty was at the park with his father and excitedly pointed to a squirrel and exclaimed, "Kitty, kitty." His father pointed out that this was a squirrel, not a kitty. Ty's labeling of the animal best illustrates the process of

assimilation

Two sealed, pyramid-shaped containers contain what are clearly identical amounts of a liquid. However, a child suddenly judges them as holding different amounts of liquid after one container is inverted. The child apparently lacks a concept of _____.M

conservation

Thirteen-year-old David is telling his mother that she should not drive too fast and should make a complete stop at the light in order to avoid getting a ticket. Kohlberg would suggest that this illustrates _____________ morality

conventional

Which trait is associated with becoming more socially responsible and productive?

delayed gratification

Ever since she was 3 weeks old, Tammy has been an unusually contented baby who has slept and eaten well and adapted easily to new experiences. A developmental psychologist would probably describe Shelly's temperament as

easy

Most people achieve which of Piaget's intellectual stages during adolescence?

formal operations

When adolescents achieve the intellectual summit that Jean Piaget called _____, they apply their new abstract reasoning tools to the world around them

formal operations

Rebecca takes her 1-year-old son, Adam, to visit an infants and toddlers program in which she hopes to enroll him. Adam appears very anxious and is unwilling to explore and play with the toys, even though Rebecca is close by. When Rebecca leaves the room to fill out some forms, Adam becomes extremely upset and remains inconsolable. When Rebecca returns, Adam stays close to her, holding onto her pant leg. However, Adam makes it very clear he does not want her to touch him or pick him up. Which term BEST describes Adam's attachment style?

insecure

In Piaget's theory, a schema is

mental representation of the world

Mark believes that choosing to violate government laws is morally justifiable if it is done to protect the lives of innocent people. Lawrence Kohlberg would suggest that this illustrates _____ morality.

post conventional

Mark thinks he should obey his teachers only if they are carefully watching him. Lawrence Kohlberg would suggest that Mark demonstrates ________ morality.

preconventional

During the _____ stage of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, children are able to represent things with words and images and use intuitive rather than logical reasoning.

preoperational

The ability to rebound from adversity and go on to lead a better life is called _____.

resilience

Which description is matched with the correct parenting style?

responsive, demanding-authoritative

When parents are consistently warm and responsive to their infant, the infant is likely to develop a(n) _____ attachment to the parents; when parents neglect the infant, are inconsistent, or insensitive to the infant's needs, the infant is likely to develop a(n) _____ attachment to the parents

secure, insecure

According to Lawrence Kohlberg, moral reasoning is defined as the aspect of cognitive development:

that has to do with how an individual reasons about moral decisions

he Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget is best known for his

theory proposing that children progress through distinct stages of cognitive development.