PSYCH chapter 13 (question samples)

Inferiority complex is to _____as collective unconscious is to _____.

Adler; Jung

Steve struggles with feelings of inferiority that in turn drive him to seek superiority and power. Which neo-Freudian theorist was MOST concerned with cases like Steve's condition?

Alfred Adler

Carl Rogers said, "The only question which matters is, 'Am I living in a way which is deeply satisfying to me?'" Critics of Rogers are most likely to object to this statement because:

Critics of Carl Rogers are likely to voice all of these objections.

Lately, 5-year-old Adam has been acting strangely. He clings to his mother and expresses jealous feelings toward his father, almost as if his father is a rival for his mother's love. Freud would suggest that Adam is experiencing the _____complex.

Oedipus

Vicki is telling a story about a black-and-white illustration of an old woman and a young man. Vicki is MOST likely taking the:

Thematic Apperception Test.

Before Serene's first appointment date with a psychologist, the psychologist wants her to take the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. Serene is uncomfortable taking a personality test for someone she barely knows. What argument can she use to persuade this psychologist that she should NOT take the test?

There are questions about the validity of the test.

_____ is a characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act.

Trait

_____is an attitude of total acceptance toward another person. This attitude nurtures growth in others.

Unconditional positive regard

Marsha and Ben have been married for 30 years. They have shared everything about themselves, both the good and the bad, with each other. This sharing has helped them grow even closer to one another. Which condition of a growth-promoting climate, as proposed by Carl Rogers, does this exemplify?

acceptance

Zach has applied to graduate school and has an interview coming up. He was told that, while extremely rare, his interview would involve being shown images where he is to tell a story about the image. This interview is MOST likely assessing Zach's:

achievement motivation.

Freud's psychoanalytic theory includes ideas about:

an unconscious region of the mind, stages of development, and defense mechanisms.

If the self-serving bias is evident in the way that an athlete explains her success or failure, she might:

blame her failure on bad officiating.

Tina has an extremely clean dorm room and disciplined study habits. She keeps no clutter on her desk, she awakens very early to keep up with her schoolwork, and her car is spotless. Given your knowledge of her behavior, which of the following Big Five personality traits does she exhibit MOST?

conscientiousness

According to terror-management theory, people enhance their self-esteem in order to defend themselves from fear of their own:

death

People who appear unable or unwilling to acknowledge the true state of affairs are sometimes likened to ostriches, burying their head in the sand. This metaphor illustrates the Freudian defense mechanism of:

denial

Helena is afraid to express anger toward her overbearing and irritating supervisor. Instead, she is critical of her children. A psychoanalyst would suggest that Helena's reaction to her children illustrates _____.

displacement

The humanistic perspective on personality:

emphasizes the growth potential of healthy individuals.

Sophia is sociable, fun-loving, and affectionate. She would likely score very high on a personality test that measures _____.

extraversion

Xander is a newspaper reporter who uses a high frequency of personal pronouns such as we, our, and usin his articles. Based on this, you might predict that Xander would score high on the Big Five trait:

extraversion

Veda is sociable, fun-loving, and affectionate. She would likely score very high on a personality test that measures:

extraversion.

Dr. Burns sees his own therapist in order for him to be at his emotional best for seeing patients. He is open with his feelings and self-disclosing in his own therapy. Rogers refers to this attitude as:

genuineness

Juan loves horseback riding. What would be an environmental factor associated with horseback riding for Juan?

having friends that also ride horses

The _____view of personality emphasizes the growth potential of healthy individuals.

humanistic

Which theoretical perspective led to the new subfield of psychology known as positive psychology?

humanistic

Caleb has developed the belief, just like his father, that table manners are important. This can be best explained by:

identification

Freud believed that defense mechanisms resulted from _____, but researchers now believe that they result from a need to _____.

impulses; protect one's self-image

Donald thought he was well prepared for a presentation he was giving. However, he failed to anticipate questions his audience would ask him. Afterward, he was surprised by how poorly he performed. Many researchers would argue that Donald's:

incompetence caused him to be overconfident.

The humanistic perspective has been criticized for promoting an excessive degree of:

individualism

The humanistic perspective has been criticized for overemphasizing:

individualism.

Jerry was frequently ill as a child, which led him to miss out on many of the activities that his peers experienced. Adler would predict that Jerry would develop a(n):

inferiority complex.

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI):

is empirically derived.

Kayden has to take a Rorschach inkblot test for his new job. He is worried because he has heard that the Rorschach is not a very good test. Critics would agree and suggest that the Rorschach is:

not very reliable and that it has limited validity.

With respect to child development, some think Freud _____parental influence and _____ peer influence.

overestimated; underestimated

According to social-cognitive psychologists, the BEST way to predict future behavior is through:

past behavior patterns in similar situations.

People with high self-esteem have feelings of high self-worth and tend to:

persist when faced with a difficult task.

Humanistic theories laid the groundwork for today's scientific subfield of:

positive psychology.

John daydreams of being a firefighter. He is envisioning a(n):

possible self.

The Chinese proverb of the first step to better times is to imagine them is a reflection of:

possible selves.

The role of repressed childhood conflicts in personality disorders is MOST clearly emphasized by the _____perspective.

psychoanalytic

Concerning personality assessments, free association is to _____theory as personality inventories are to _____ theory.

psychoanalytic; trait

Learned responses are a(n) _____ influence on personality.

psychological

Which choice incorrectly pairs a component of the biopsychosocial approach to personality with a sample influence?

psychological—family experiences

Which defense mechanism offers self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one's actions?

rationalization

Research by Adams and colleagues found that men who reported negative attitudes toward homosexuality experienced greater arousal when watching videos of gay men. These results demonstrate which of Freud's defense mechanisms?

reaction formation

Aerial's history of romantic relationships influences her attitudes toward romantic relationships, which changes how she now responds to her current boyfriend. This is an example of:

reciprocal determinism.

Anxious people tend to be on the lookout for potentially threatening events; that is, they perceive the world as threatening. Their personalities shape how they interpret and react to events. This is known as:

reciprocal determinism.

Joshua's history of romantic relationships influences his attitudes toward romantic relationships, which changes how he now responds to his current girlfriend. This is an example of:

reciprocal determinism.

Adolescent girls experiencing eating disorders lose body fat and menstruation often ceases. Psychodynamic theorists suggest that eating disorders represent an attempt to return the body to a prepubertal state when anxiety-provoking sexual urges are experienced during early adolescence. This explanation BEST reflects the defense of:

regression

As a child soldier in Uganda, Mukasa witnessed rape, torture, and other traumatic events before escaping several months ago to a refugee camp. As Mukasa grows up, followers of the psychoanalytic perspective would suggest that he will probably _____these painful experiences. Psychological researchers today claim that high stress and associated stress hormones tend to _____ memory.

repress; enhance

Sally was the victim of a violent home invasion in which her entire family was viciously murdered and she was critically injured. Sally has nightmares and flashbacks of the trauma, which is inconsistent with Freud's view of the defense mechanism known as:

repression

The process of fulfilling one's potential is called:

self-actualization.

Rhiannon is confident she can complete a difficult problem set in one of her engineering courses. Rhiannon has high:

self-efficacy.

Stacey feels confident in her ability to dance the part of Clara in The Nutcracker ballet. Stacey is showing a high level of:

self-efficacy.

According to Maslow, finding meaning, purpose, and identity beyond the self is referred to as:

self-transcendence.

Humanistic theories have been criticized for encouraging attitudes of self-indulgence, _____, and lack of moral restraint. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

selfishness

Makaila tends to avoid talking with others because she fears that she will be judged harshly by them. Makaila can best be described as being:

shy

To assess the extent to which a person is faking it, ____________ include(s) a lie scale that flags socially desirable answers given to make a good impression.

the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

Maria does not have a very good driving record. She has gotten several tickets for running red lights, speeding, and not wearing her seat belt. When asked by the judge at her more recent court appearance why she continually violated driving laws, Maria stated that she was certain others did the same, including the judge. Today's researchers would call this:

the false consensus effect.

The humanistic perspective fails to appreciate:

the human capacity for evil.

Which of the following is referred to as the "third force" in psychology?

the humanistic perspective on personality

Freud's supporters do NOT identify as a lasting contribution:

the role of the environment on personality development.

James attributes his failing grade in chemistry to an unfair final exam. His attitude illustrates:

the self-serving bias.

james attributes his failing grade in chemistry to an unfair final exam. His attitude illustrates:

the self-serving bias.

Even though Joe had been in a car accident that left him with amnesia, he was still able to remember how to do many basic tasks such as driving a car, washing his clothes, and cooking. This supports Freud's view of the role of:

the unconscious.

Dr. Harris believes that the study of personality should focus on identifying, describing, and measuring individual differences. Dr. Harris probably would identify with the _____ perspective on personality.

trait

Which theories examine characteristic patterns of behaviors?

trait theories

Marla comes home with three As and two Bs on her report card, which her mother derides by saying, "Is that the best you could do?" Carl Rogers refers to this attitude as the opposite of:

unconditional positive regard.

After the 9/11 terrorist attacks many Americans treated Muslims quite differently, even though they stated they were not prejudiced. These negative feelings were a part of their:

unconscious

Based on decades of psychological research, MOST psychologists agree with the psychoanalytic perspective that much of one's mental life is:

unconscious

Although Alex is frequently caught stealing money and other valuables from friends as well as strangers, he does not feel guilty or remorseful about his actions. Alex MOST clearly demonstrates a:

weak superego.

Although Sam is frequently caught stealing money and other valuables from friends as well as strangers, he does not feel guilty or remorseful about his actions. According to Freud, Sam most clearly demonstrates a(n):

weak superego.

Sherry has to give her first speech in her communications class, and she is very anxious. Her adviser informs her of the spotlight effect and encourages her to _____in order to decrease her anxiety.

imagine herself in the role of a spectator

The _____inkblot test assumes that what people see in the blot reflects their inner feelings and conflicts.

Rorschach

Keira is being given a projective measure to assess her personality. Which test will she MOST likely be given?

Rorschach inkblot test

Shaun has been confronted by his roommate for his drinking behavior. Shaun tends to binge drink several times during the week, passing out in random places throughout the apartment. Shaun defends himself by saying that his roommate also drinks, as do most people their age. According to Freud, which defense mechanism is Shaun using?

projection

Dr. Wayne states that the task of the personality psychologist is to describe the consistent and persistent patterns of behavior that distinguish one person from another. Dr. Wayne is MOST likely a _____theorist of personality.

trait