Psych Chapter 4

consciousness

a concept with many meanings, including sensory awareness of the world outside, direct inner awareness of one's thoughts and feelings, personal unity, and the waking state

circadian rhythm

a cycle that is connected with the twenty-four-hour period of the earth's rotation

mindfulness meditation (MM)

a form of meditation that provides clients with techniques they can use to focus on the present moment rather than ruminate about problems

rapid eye movement (REM) sleep

a stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements, which have been linked to dreaming

role theory

a theory that explains hypnotic events in terms of the person's ability to act as though he or she were hypnotized

hypnosis

an altered state of consciousness in which people are highly suggestible and behave as though they are in a trance

electromyograph (EMG)

an instrument that measures muscle tension

nonconscious

descriptive of bodily processes, such as growing hair, of which we cannot become conscious; we may "recognize" that our hair is growing, but we cannot directly experience the biological process

sleep terrors

frightening dreamlike experiences that occur during the deepest stage of NREM sleep; nightmares, in contrast, occur during REM sleep

unconscious

in psychodynamic theory, descriptive of ideas and feelings that are not available to awareness; also: without consciousness

preconscious

in psychodynamic theory, descriptive of material that is not in awareness but can be brought into awareness by focusing one's attention

repression

in psychodynamic theory, the automatic (unconscious) ejection of anxiety evoking ideas, impulses, or images from awareness

direct inner awareness

knowledge of one's own thoughts, feelings, and memories without the use of sensory organs

sleep apnea

temporary absence or cessation of breathing while sleeping

suppression

the deliberate, or conscious, placing of certain ideas, impulses, or images out of awareness

nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep

the first four stages of sleep

selective attention

the focus of one's consciousness on a particular stimulus

transcendental meditation ™

the simplified form of meditation brought to the United States by the Maharishi Mahesh Yogi and used as a method for coping with stress

biofeedback training (BFT)

the systematic feeding back to an organism information about a bodily function so that the organism can gain control of that function

activation-synthesis model

the view that dreams reflect activation of cognitive activity by the reticular formation and synthesis of this activity into a pattern.

response set theory

the view that response expectancies play a key role in the production of the experiences suggested by the hypnotist

narcolepsy

a "sleep attack" in which a person falls asleep suddenly and irresistibly