Psych Chapter 4
consciousness
a concept with many meanings, including sensory awareness of the world outside, direct inner awareness of one's thoughts and feelings, personal unity, and the waking state
circadian rhythm
a cycle that is connected with the twenty-four-hour period of the earth's rotation
mindfulness meditation (MM)
a form of meditation that provides clients with techniques they can use to focus on the present moment rather than ruminate about problems
rapid eye movement (REM) sleep
a stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements, which have been linked to dreaming
role theory
a theory that explains hypnotic events in terms of the person's ability to act as though he or she were hypnotized
hypnosis
an altered state of consciousness in which people are highly suggestible and behave as though they are in a trance
electromyograph (EMG)
an instrument that measures muscle tension
nonconscious
descriptive of bodily processes, such as growing hair, of which we cannot become conscious; we may "recognize" that our hair is growing, but we cannot directly experience the biological process
sleep terrors
frightening dreamlike experiences that occur during the deepest stage of NREM sleep; nightmares, in contrast, occur during REM sleep
unconscious
in psychodynamic theory, descriptive of ideas and feelings that are not available to awareness; also: without consciousness
preconscious
in psychodynamic theory, descriptive of material that is not in awareness but can be brought into awareness by focusing one's attention
repression
in psychodynamic theory, the automatic (unconscious) ejection of anxiety evoking ideas, impulses, or images from awareness
direct inner awareness
knowledge of one's own thoughts, feelings, and memories without the use of sensory organs
sleep apnea
temporary absence or cessation of breathing while sleeping
suppression
the deliberate, or conscious, placing of certain ideas, impulses, or images out of awareness
nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep
the first four stages of sleep
selective attention
the focus of one's consciousness on a particular stimulus
transcendental meditation ™
the simplified form of meditation brought to the United States by the Maharishi Mahesh Yogi and used as a method for coping with stress
biofeedback training (BFT)
the systematic feeding back to an organism information about a bodily function so that the organism can gain control of that function
activation-synthesis model
the view that dreams reflect activation of cognitive activity by the reticular formation and synthesis of this activity into a pattern.
response set theory
the view that response expectancies play a key role in the production of the experiences suggested by the hypnotist
narcolepsy
a "sleep attack" in which a person falls asleep suddenly and irresistibly