Psych Exam

Ever since Ryan was bitten by a gray cat, he cries when he sees any gray cat. One day, he sees a gray squirrel scamper across his front yard and he begins crying. Ryan's behavior illustrates a. stimulus generalization b. extinction c. stimulus discrimination d. second-order conditioning

A

Learned behavior is less prone to extinction if it is conditioned by _____________ reinforcement? a. partial b. secondary c. negative d. continuous

A

The key finding of research on obedience to authority is that __________. a. it is surprisingly easy to get perfectly normal people to harm others b. many people enjoy harming others c. people value freedom and independence over obedience d. women are far more obedient than men to authority

A

The response activated by the sympathetic nervous system is sometimes called ___________. a. fight or flight b. react or release c. rest and recover d. catharsis

A

Victim blaming and just-world beliefs are supported by which basic finding within social psychology __________. a. fundamental attribution error b. diffusion of responsibility c. groupthink d. elaboration likelihood model

A

Which of the following quotes best reflects the self-serving bias? a. "I aced the paper because I am a very good writer" b. "I aced the paper because the teacher is an easy grader c. "I got a rotten grade because I am a poor writer" d. "I got a rotten grade because the teacher grades hard

A

You work three hours a day Monday through Friday and receive a paycheck every Friday afternoon. You are being paid on a _________ reinforcement schedule. a. fixed interval b. fixed ratio c. variable interval d. variable ratio

A

A person's sense of whether he or she is male or female typically develops by 3-4 years of age and is called __________. a. gender synthesis b. gender identity c. sex correction d. gender assignment

B

A teacher making the fundamental attribution error would attribute a students poor test score to ____________. a. her failure to teach the material clearly b. the students lack of motivation c. parental conflict in the students home d.the difficulty of the test material

B

Disruption of a person's ability to experience a range of emotions, as a result of brain damage, is called ___________. a. region of interest disorder b. emotional syndrome c. stress immunization d. general adaptation syndrome

B

The amygdala is the key brain structure for producing _________. a. reward b. fear c. happiness d. sadness

B

When the Milgram obedience study was replaced with teachers who refused to administer shocks, a. participants felt personally responsible, making them more compliant b. very few participants agreed to continue giving shocks c. there was no influence on participant behavior d. participants showed less empathy for learner

B

Which process in the body is most like a thermostat? a. Circadian rhythms b. homeostasis c. positive arousal d. drive reduction

B

Your cat comes running as soon as she hears you open a can of food. In this example the _______ is the conditioned stimulus. a. can of food b. sound of the can being opened c. presence of you in the kitchen d. running cat

B

___________ are the basic speech sounds that make up language, while _________ are the basic units of meaning in a language a. semantics;morphemes b. phonemes;morphemes c. linguistics;phonemes d. morphemes;phonemes

B

A reinforcer is a consequence that ___________ a behavior a. extinguishes b. weakens c. reverses d. strengthens

D

Differential treatment based on group membership is called: a. prejudice b. discrimination c. ethnocentrism d. stereotyping

D

This morning, a very loud clap of thunder right outside your window startled you. For the rest of the day, any kind of loud sound - a car backfiring, a dropped dish - causes you to jump out of your chair. This is an example of ___________ a. sensory adaptation b. habituation c. associative learning d. sensitization

D

Which condition is caused by excess testosterone in genetically female babies and often causes the baby's genitals to look something in between those of other girls and boys? a. Androgen insensitivity syndrome b. adrenal dysmorphia c. body dysmorphia d. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

D

Which sequence supports the "folk psychology" approach to emotional responses? a. A girl is arguing with her best friend. She feels her muscles tense, then she gets angry b. A woman walks past a group of laughing children. She smiles, and smiling makes her happy c. A man learns that his dog is ill. He is overcome with sadness, and at the same time his eyes fill with tears d. A boy walking in the dark hears footsteps behind him. He feels afraid, the begins to sweat

D

Esther has been married for fifty years. She is no longer physically attracted to her spouse. She does not share her most personal thoughts and feelings with him. According to the triangular theory of love, Ester's relationship would be described as ___________ love. a. companionate b. fatuous c. empty d. consumate

C

Modern or aversive racism is best described as which of the following: a. Members of a group explicitly taking action against members of an outgroup b. Members of a group avoiding or not talking to members of an outgroup c. Members of a group preferentially giving members of their own group the benefit of the doubt d. Active, violent antagonism between two groups

C

Studies show that patients with spinal cord injuries experience less intense emotions support the __________. a. Cannon-Bard theory b. two factor theory of emotion c. James- Lange Theory d. facial feedback hypthesis

C

The study of psychological and neural influences on the immune system and its influences on behavior is known as __________. a. health psychology b. psychiatry c. psychoneuroimmunology d. psychopathology

C

Which is an example of positive punishment a. a student loses a "good behavior" token for not following directions b. two siblings squabble over a toy, so their father takes the toy away from both children c. A student is caught texting in class and the professor reprimands him in front of his classmates d. a teenager is grounded for a week for being rude to her brother

C

Which need is assigned to the highest level of Malow's hierarchy of human needs? a. esteem b. love and belonging c. self-actualization d. achievement

C