Psych exam study guide

The brain and spinal cord make up the

CNS

________ carry information out of the brain and spinal cord to other areas of the body.

Efferent nerves

Which of the following statements best defines critical thinking in psychology

It is the process of reflecting deeply, asking questions, and evaluating evidence

The _______ connects the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body

PNS

Which of the following is true of sensory nerves

Sensory receptors are the openings through which the brain and nervous system experience the world

___________ is most often regarded the "founding father" of modern psychology

Wilhelm Wundt

According to the science of psychology, a behavior is a(n)

action that can be directly observed

________ stress is the momentary stress that occurs in response to life experiences

acute

The purpose of parallel processing is to

allow sensory information to travel rapidly through the brain

Functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI) is a technique that

allows scientists to see what is happening in the brain while it is working

What can you do to become a better consumer of psychology in everyday life.

avoid overgeneralizing based on little information

The __________ approach emphasizes the scientific study of observable actions and/or responses and their environmental determinants

behavioral

In the context of visual perception, _____ is the bringing together and integration of what is processed by different neural pathways or cells.

binding

Dr. Ivanov recognizes that genetics, childhood factors, and socioeconomic status are all significantly influencing her clients behavior. Dr. Ivanov's perspective is best described as

biopsychosocial

WHich of the following types of energy reception is most activated when a person is tasting food that is extremely salty?

chemoreception

In the human cell, threadlike structures that come in 23 pairs, one member of each pair originating from each parent, and that contain DNA are called

chromosomes

The uncertainty of the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a prolonged period of _______ stress for many people throughout the world

chronic

When the axons of healthy neurons adjacent to damaged cells grow new branches, _________ has occured

collateral sprouting

According to the principle of ________, researchers are responsible for keeping all of the data they gather on individuals completely confidential and, when possible, completely anonymous

confidentiality

The final step in the scientific method of psychology is

evaluating conclusions

Which of the following research methods allow(s) researchers to determine causality

experimental studies

The ___________ is the principle by which we organize the perceptual field into stimuli that stand out and those that are left over

figure-ground relationship

Which of the following is the second step in the scientific method?

formulating hypothesis and predictions

A(n) ________ is a persons genetic heritage, his or her actual genetic material

genotype

Differences in the timing and intensity of a sound

help one to localize the sound

In an experiment, the ______ is conceptualized as the "potential cause" and the ______ is conceptualized as th "resulting effect

independent variable, dependent variable

According to the principle of __________, all participants must know what their participation will involve and what risks might develop

informed consent

Which of the following characteristics of the brain refers to the brain's ability to pull information together?

integration

A case study

is an in-depth look at a single individual

The _________ senses provide information about movement, posture, and orientation, whereas the __________ senses provide information about balance and movement

kinesthetic; vestibular

Which of the following pairs are correctly matched?

low levels of dopamine- Parkinson disease

In the context of brain imaging, _________ involves creating a magnetic field around a person's body and using radio waves to construct images of the person's tissues and biochemical activities

magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)

Which of the following types of energy reception is most activated when a person is listening to a song

mechanoreception

In the context of depth perception, familiar size and relative size, height in field of view, and shading are examples of

monocular cues

The __________ system is the body's electrochemical communication circuitry

nervous

____________ are interconnected groups of nerve cells that integrate sensory input and motor output

neural networks

The field that studies the nervous system is called

neuroscience

Which of the following is the first step in the scientific method?

observing some phenomenon in the world

The lining of the roof of the nasal cavity that contains a sheet of receptor cells for smell is known as the olfactory epithelium

olfactory epithelium

The _________ theory states that cells in the visual system respond to complementary pairs of red-green and blue-yellow colors; a given cell might be excited by red and inhibited by green, whereas another cell might be excited by yellow and inhibited by blue

opponent-process

__________ is a hormone and neurotransmitter that plays an important role in the experience of love and social bonding

oxytocin

Which of the following types of energy reception is most activated when a person is watching a silent movie?

photoreception

While walking barefoot on a beach, the physical pain that one experiences when stepping on a jellyfish most accurately exemplifies

photoreception

________ refers to researchers' assignment of participants to groups by chance to reduce the likelihood that an experiment's results will be due to preexisting differences between groups

random assignment

Which of the following actions involves the application of chemical senses

smelling a flower

_________ are the circumstances and events that threaten individuals and tax their coping abilities

stressors

Wilhelm Wundt was the founder of __________, whereas WIlliam James was the founder of _________.

structuralism, functionalism

Which of the following refers to tiny spaces between neurons

synapses

Which of the following glands are involved in sexual development and reproduction?

testes and ovaries

A(n) __________ is a broad idea or set of closely related ideas that attempts to explain observations and to make predictions about future observations

theory