Psych final 2013
Which of tghe following isw true of the American attitude toward death
Americans are generally death avoiders and death deniers
Individuals with an anxious attachment style:
demanded closeness in relationships and are more emotional
According to Elisabeth Kubler-Ross, which of the following is the first stage of dying?
denial and isolation
Erik Erikson believed that people who experience isolation and stagnation is earlier adulthood are more likely to experience___ in later adulthood
despair
One study found that after 6 months of ___, older adults showed improvement on reaction time tasks
doing aerobic exercise
When working with older clients, some clinicians use ___ therapy, which involves discussing past activities and experiences with another individual or group
reminiscence
In one survey reported by Kalish & Reynolds only ___ of individuals 60 and over had made any funeral arrangements
24 percent
In a single act of unprotected sex with an infected partner, a teenage girl has a __ percent risk of acquiring genital herpes
30
A recent national study revealed that ___ percent of U.S. 15 year olds met the federal governement's exercise recommendations on weekdays
31
A recent analysis predicted that __ percent of U.S. adults will be obese in 2030
42
In about __ percent of motor vehicle fatalities involving adolescents, the driver was found to be intoxicated
50
In a national survey, __ percent orf U.S. 15 to 19 year old boys and ___ percent of girls said they had engaged in oral sex
55;54
Adolescents in the U.S. spend about ___ percent as much time on schoolwork as their East Asian counterparts do
60
In a U.S. national survey conducted in 2009, ___ percent of 12th graders reported that they had experienced sexual intercouse, compared with ___ percent of 9th graders
62; 32
The young-old are people who are between:
65 to 84 years of age
In the united states, in 2007, ___ percent of corpses were disposed of by burial
66
According to Onwuteaka-Philipsen & others, a Dutch study of almost 7,000 dying persons revealed that only___ percent requested passive or active euthanasia, and of those who requested it, approximately one-third of the requests were granted
7
According to the cellular clock theory of aging, cells can divide a maximum of:
75 to 80 times
Today the average life expectancy in the United States is:
78 years
In a recent review of research on childrens conceptions of death, it was condluded that children probably do not view death as universal and irreversible until about what age?
9
The mean age at the beginning of the growth spurt in girls is ___
9
Which theorist proposed the "storm-and-stress" view that adolescence is a turbulent time charged with conflict and mood swings?
G.Stanley Hall
___ adults commit themselves to the continuation and improvement of society as a whole through their connection with their children and grandchildren
Generative
___ encompasses adults' desire to leave legacies of themselves to the next generation
Generativity
Leptin acts as an
anti-obesity hormone
Securely attached adults:
are less likely than others to have one-night stands
Recent research revealed that ___ parenting was linked to lower adolescent alcohol consumption
authoritative
The retention of information about the when and where of life's happenings is called ___ memory
episodic
The hormone that is associated with breast, uterine, and skeletal development in girls is"
estradiol
In menopause, production of ___ by the overies declines dramatically
estrogen
Which of the following statements about the benefits of exercise is true?
exercise can be as effective in reducing depression as psychotherapy
___ are the leading cause of injury deaths among adults who are 65 years and older
falls
According to Kalish & Reynolds, middle-aged adults actually ___ than do yound adults or older adults
fear death more
Most psychologists emphasize that ___ is the best strategy in discussing death with children
honesty
___ is a program committed to making the end of life as free from pain, anxiety, and depression as possible
hospice
___ refers to a legal document that reflects the patient's advance care planning
living will
The average adult in middle adulthood ___ height and __ weight
loses; gains
The main purpose of a hospice is to:
make death more peaceful and less frightening for the patient and family
According to a lonitudinal study by Jerald Bachman and his colleagues, by the time individuals reach their mid-twenties, ___ their use of alcohol and drugs
many would have reduced
___ is the illicit drug most widely used in the United States, and its use by adolescents increased from 2008 to 2011
marijuana
Results from the "Sex in America" survey suggest that adult sexual behavior is ruled by ___ and ___ for most Americans
marriage; monogamy
A girl's first menstruation is called __
menarche
A condition in middle and late adulthood characteried by hypertension, obesity, and insulin resistance is referred to as
metabolic syndrome
In 2011, which of the following countries had the highest life expectancy?
monaco
Identity ___ is James Marcia's term for the status of adolescents who are in the midst of a crisis, and whose commitment levels are either absent or only vaguely defined
moratorium
In 1994, Robert Michael and his colleagues conducted a comprehensive survey of American sexual patterns. Results from this "Sex in America" survey suggested that Americans' sexual lives are ____ than previously believed
more conservative
According to a national study of more than 200,000 freshmen at more than 400 colleges and universities, today's college students experience ___ than students in previous generations
more stress
The mortality rate of emerging adults is ___ the mortality rate of adolescents
more than twice
By the end of emerging adulthood(age 25), ___ individuals have had sexual intercourse
most
___ refers to a self-centered and self-concerned approach toward others
narcissism
According to Salthouse, a recent analysis of research found:
no evidence for significant changes in everyday cognition from 20-75 years of age
Compared to men, women have a higher incidence of ___ disorders during middle adulthood
nonfatal chronic
At 60 years of age, the retina receives only ___ as much light as it did at 20 years of age
one-third
Which of the following is NOT a biological theory explaining aging?
reverse neurogenesis theory
___ infants are defined as those who use the caregiver as a secure base from which to explore the environment
securely attached
Which of the following statement about the care of a dying older person in the U.S. today is true?
the care of a dying older person has shifted away from the family
When explaining death to younger children(around preschool age) , the most imprtant point for parents to stress is that:
the child is loved and will not be abandoned
___ reflects an individual's personal investment in identity
commitment
The oldest-old today are mostly:
female
Female friendships involve more ____ than male friendships
self-disclosure
Crystallized intellegence is:
an individual's accumulated information and verbal skills
In a single act of unprotected sex with an infected partner, a teenage girl has a ___ percent risk of getting HIV
1
The peak rate of pubertal change occurs at ___ years for girls and __ years for boys
11 1/2; 13 1/2
According to 2008 date, in the United States, ___ percent of men and ___ percent of women 65 years of age and older were widowed
13; 41
The transition from adolescence to adulthood has been referred to as emerging adulthood, which occurs from approximately ____
18 to 25
___ love is also called companionate love
Affectionate
___ refers to a progressive, irreversible brain disorder that is characterized by a gradual deterioration of memory, reasoinig, language, and eventually, physical function
Alzheimer disease
According to Elisabeth Kubler-Ross, which of the following is the second stage of dying?
Anger
Which of the following is the gene which appears to play a role in as many as one-third of cases of alzheimer disease?
ApoE
According to Erikson, the positive resolution of which develpmental stage culminates in appreciation of interdependence and relatedness in old age?
Basic trust vs. mistrust
___ is a term that is used to describe the midlife transition in which fertility declines
Climacteric
___ is defined as a period of identity development during which the individual is exploring alternatives
Crisis
Which of the following is a treatment of advanced Parkinsons disease?
Deep brain stimulation
In which of the following states is active euthanasia not considered a crime?
Washington
Identify the major task that must be mastered in early adulthood, according to Levinson
Developing a stable life structure
According to studies, which of the following is one of the most common sexual problems of older men?
Early ejaculation
According to the U.S. government's Occupational Outlook Handbook, which of the following areas of work are expected to account for the most new job in the next decade?
Education
___ is the act of painlessly ending the lives of individuals who are suffering from an incurable disease or severe disability
Euthanasia
Which of the following is the term that most researchers use to describe crisis?
Exploration
George Vaillant concludes that the ___ are a decade of reassessing and recording the truth about the adolescent and adulthood
Forties
Why is LDL referred to as "bad" cholesterol?
High levels of LDL cause atherosclerosis
Which of the following statement about hospice care is true?
Hospice care emphasizes palliative care
According to Erik Erikson, which of the following is a precursor to intimacy in romantic relationships during emerging adulthood?
Identity development in adolescence
Which of the following is Erikson's fifth developmental stage?
Identity vs identity confusion
Which of the following is an example of active euthanasia?
Injecting a lethal dose of a drug
Which of the following is Erikson's eigth stage of development?
Integrity vs. despair
According to Erik Erikson, which of the following is the sixth developmental stage?
Intimacy vs isolation
Which of the following is a drug that is used in the treatment of Parkinson disease
L-dopa
What did Levinson's research conclude about women in midlife transition?
Levinson reported that his stages, transitions, and the crisis of middle age hold for women as well as men
Active euthanasia is legal in the state of:
Oregon
Which of the following countries had the lowest estimated life expectancy in 2011?
South Africa
___ develops when individuals sense that they have done nothing for the next generation
Stagnation
____ are DNA sequences that cap chromosomes
Telomeres
___ is a hormone associated in boys with genital development, increased height, and deepening of the vocie
Testosterone
Which of the following were considered to be clear signs of deathe twenty-five years ago?
The end of certain biological functions
Which of the following countries has the highest number of centenarians?
United States
If researchers measure an individual's self-esteem at ages 10, 20, 30, and 40 years, where are they likely to find the most stability?
When measured at the age of 20 and then again at the age of 30
According to Erik Erikson, which of the following is the resolutoin of the last stage of human development?
Wisdom
Why do women have an easier time with the loss of their spouse than do men?
Women have better social networks
Exercise is related to all of the following positive outcomes in adolescence, EXCEPT:
a lower incidence of type 1 diabetes
According to Erikson, in old age, the positive resolution of the conflict of identity vs. confusion culminates in:
a sense of complexity of life
According to Erikson, in old age the positive resolution of the conflict of intimacy vs isolation culminates in:
a sense of complexity of relationships
Identity ___ is the status of individuals who have undergone a crisis and made a commitment
achievement
An ___ states such preferences as whether life-sustained procedures should or should not be used to prolong the life of an individual when death is imminent
advance directive
Sustained exercises such as jogging, swimming, or cycling that stimulate the heart and lung activity are known as:
aerobic exercises
One study found that ___ of the individuals 65 to 69 years of age considered themselves middle aged
almost half
Most of us reach our peak physical performance:
before the age or 30, often between the ages of 19 and 26
A flat EEG recording for a specified period of time is one criterion of___
brain death
Which of the following religions believes in reincarnation?
buddhism
Which of the following is the positive resolution of the psychological conflict of generativity vs stagnation?
care
According to Erikson, the positive resolution of the conflict of generativity vs stagnation culminates in ___ in old age.
caring for others, and empathy and concern
Nowadays, the main causes of death in middle adulthood in the United States are:
chronic diseases
The term Baltes uses to describe the "hardware" of the mind, meaning the neurophysiological architecture of the brain through evolution, is:
cognitive mechanics
Hospice advocates underscore that it is possible to:
control pain for almost any dying individual
The ___, where fibers connect the brains left and right hemispheres, thickens in adolescence, and this improves adolescents' ability to process information.
corpus callosum
Critics point out that studies on the effectiveness of antioxidants in slowing the aging process, thus far have been so-called population studies that are ___ in nature
correlational
Daniel Levinson's studies suggest that most adults feel that middle age is a time of:
crisis
Middle-age partners are more likely to view their marriage as positive if they:
engage in mutual activities
In the United States, the most widely recognied marker of entry into adulthood is:
holding a permananent, full time job
One study explored links between health behavior and life satisfaction in more than 17,000 individuals 17 to 30 years of age in 21 countries. Which of the following has NOT been found to be positively related to young adults' life satisfaction?
fiber intake
According to Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, ___ refers to a heightened state of pleasure experienced when we are engaged in mental and physical challenges that absorb us.
flow
Identity ___ is the status of individuals who have made a commitment but not experienced a crisis
foreclosure
According to Piaget, which of the following is the final stage of cognitive development?
formal operational stage
Eriksonian researcher James Marcia reasons that Erikson's theory of identity development contains ___ of identity, or ways of resolving the identity crisis
four statuses
Recent research indicates that the greater distractibility of older adults is associated with less effective functioning in neural networks running through the ___ of the brain, which are involved in cognitive control.
frontal and parietal lobes
Erikson proposed that middle-aged adults face a significant issue which he termed ___
generativity vs. stagnation
Identity development:
gets done in bits and pieces
Sensitivity to ___ sounds usually declines first among ___
high-pitched; men
The ___ portions of the brain often die sooner the the ____ portions
higher; lower
Adolescents who do not successfully resolve their identity crisis suffer from what Erikson calls ___
identity confusion
Identify the status of individuals who have not yet experienced a crisis or made any commitments
identity diffusion
According to Erik Erikson, which of the following stages is the most important issue to be negotiated in adolescence
identity vs identity confusion
In Erik Erikson's theory, adults strive for generativity to achieve a sense of ____
immortality
According to research on intergenerational relationships, in which of the following ways is an adult child most likely to be similar
in politics
Currently in the United States, 90 percent of hospice care is provided:
in the patient's home
A longitudinal study revealed that most bad health habits engaged in during adolescence ___ in emerging adulthood
increased
Erikson describes ___ as finding oneself while losing oneself in another person, and it requires a commitment to another person
intimacy
Development in early adulthood involves a balance of:
intimacy and commitment on the one hand with independence and freedom on the other
Which of the following statements about sibling relationships is true?
it is rare for sibling closeness to develop for the first time in adulthood
According to studies, which of the following is one of the most common sexual problems of older women?
lack of sexual interest
Research indicates that links between early attachment styles and later attachment styles were ___ by stressful and disruptive experiences
lessened
Which of the following statements about life review is NOT true?
life reviews avoid reflecting on regrets
Van Alphen, Donker, & Marquet reproted that in the Netherlands, ___ was found to be main reason for requests for active euthanasia
pain
The type of carfe that is designed to reduce pain and suffering and help individuals die with dignity is known as:
palliative care
Turning off a respirator or a heart-lung machine is an example of ___ euthanasia
passive
All of the following are part of the life review process EXCEPT:
projecting future life experiences
Which of the following is the term Erik Erikson uses to describe the gap between childhood security and adult autonomy?
psychosocial moratorium
Puberty refers to a period of:
rapid physical maturation involving hormonal and bodily changes that occurs primarily during early adolescence
Which of the following is a common way to assess speed of information processing?
reaction-time task
Fluid intelligence is the ability to:
reason abstractly
One study revealed that an important factor among older adults who showed a higher level of emotion regulation and successful aging was:
reduced responsiveness to regrets
The term ___ refers to the ability to focus on a specific aspect of experience that is relevant to the task at hand while ignoring others that are relevant
selective attention
A person's knowledge about the world is called ___ memory
semantic
The gradual decline in men's testosterone levels in middle age can reduce their ___
sexual drive
Compared with earlier and later periods, middle age is influenced most by ___ factors
sociocultural
All of the following are key features identified by Jeffrey Arnett as characterizing emerging adulthood EXCEPT:
stability
Nicotine is a ___
stimulant
According to James Marcia, what determines an individual's identity status?
the existence or extent of their crisis or commitment
For hospice services to be covered by Medicare:
the patient must be deemed by a physician to have six months or fewer to live
Compared to young children, which of the following is likely to be a differentiating aspect of adolescents' view of death?
they develop more abstract conceptions of death
Exercise can reduce the risk of all of the following conditions EXCEPT:
type 1 diabetes
Which of the following is a problem that can plague cross-gender friendships?
unclear sexual boundaries
Almost half of all deaths from 15-24 years of age are due to:
unintentional injuries
___ refers to ability to understand ideas expressed in words
verbal comprehension
In a survey conducted by AARP, the primary reason middle-aged and older women cited for wanting a divorce was:
verbal, physical, or emotional abuse
