Psych of Death Midterm

In which country is the most influential model of modern hospice care?

England

Which was a turning point in the "medicalization" of death and dying?

WWI

Cancer symbolizes the

Worst fears of our age

Death songs of Native Americans are

a summary of a person's life

euphemisms

substitutions of indirect or vague words or phrases for ones considered harsh or blunt

It is important to distinguish between pain and

suffering

Islam calls for the burial of the deceased as soon as possible. t/f

true

More important than who is the death notifier, is how, when, and

where

In Kenneth Doka's "Tasks in Coping with Life-threatening Illness," which phase is characterized by living with the disease and managing symptoms and side effects?

chronic

What is a state of profound unconsciousness lasting a few days or weeks?

coma

Euthanasia comes from the Greek

easy death

Whole person care involves attending mainly to a patient's physical needs 24 hours a day. t/f

false

How many stages are associated with the model of coping with life-threatening illness presented by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross?

Five

What document combines a living will and a health care power of attorney?

Five Wishes

Which of the following terms BEST describes the process of a person who questions, "Am I responsible for bringing this illness on myself"?

Magical thinking

According to the text, in 2014, approximately what percentage of Americans are affiliated with a religious tradition?

71 percent

Studies conducted in the early 1940s by Sylvia Anthony showed that children can give general explanations for death by what age?

9 years old

Which of the following is NOT a way in which humor functions relative to death?

Discourages empathy

palliative care

Care designed not to treat an illness but to provide physical and emotional comfort to the patient and support and guidance to his or her family.

According to Kastenbaum, what is defined as "the study of life with death left in"?

Thantology

What is the largest ongoing community arts project in America?

The AIDS memorial quilt

Mean World Syndrome

The belief that the world is dangerous and full of mean people.

What is the aim of meaning-based coping?

To maintain a person's sense of positive well-being

Which country spends more on health than any other industrialized country?

United States

Media experts say that the "reality violence" on TV news began with coverage of the

Vietnam War

Which of the following BEST describes a lingering dying trajectory?

a patient dies from a progressive chronic illness

In reviewing death anxiety research, Robert Kastenbaum says that it

allows individuals to enjoy the illusion that death has been studied

Studies of the Oregon Death with Dignity Act show that the decision to request a prescription for lethal medication was associated mainly with patients' concerns about loss of dignity, loss of ability to have an enjoyable life, and loss of

autonomy

In Japanese homes, an altar for honoring deceased relatives and ancestors is called a

butsudan

Themes of loss and death are heard in

classical music, american blues music, and laments

Regarding hospice and palliative care, what are the 3 C's of high-quality care?

competent, compassionate, coordinated

What term do social scientists use to describe the phenomenon of societies falling behind in dealing with new challenges resulting from rapid technological and social change?

cultural lag

What can be defined as "all that in human society which is socially rather than biologically transmitted"?

culture

The largest area of empirical research in thanatology is concerned with the measurement of attitudes toward death and dying and more particularly

death anxiety

Avoiding words like dead or dying, instead using phrases in which loved ones "pass away," the deceased is "laid to rest" and the corpse is "remains", is an example of

euphemisms

A crisis of self-identity begins with the initial shock of diagnosis as the person attempts to come to terms with the life-altering news is

existential plight

The "principle of symmetry" advocated by Daniel Callahan states that a technology should be judged by a balance between the

extension and saving of life and the quality of life

A euphemism is a shorthand way of referring to an exciting event. t/f

false

Elegies and eulogies are both often inscribed as a memorial on a tomb. t/f

false

Funding for hospice services is plentiful because there are no limits on who qualifies. t/f

false

Hospice and palliative medicine have not become a subspecialty approved by the American Board of Medical Specialties. t/f

false

Living wills contain physician orders and must be followed by emergency medical technicians. t/f

false

Nonfunctionality means that your everyday functioning (going to school or work, self-care, etc.) has diminished due to a recent loss. t/f

false

Pain can be directly measured and observed. t/f

false

Terminal restlessness is a welcomed medical condition showing the ability to maintain attention at the end-of-life. t/f

false

The major aspects of a mature concept of death are mastered in an unfixed, irregular sequential order. t/f

false

The ofrenda is the gathering place where friends meet following a Mexican funeral. t/f

false

In traditional societies, whether grief is expressed by loud wails or quiet tears, there is a common tendency to

have a deep respect for the should of the dead

What are the two leading causes of death in the United States?

heart disease and cancer

Hannelore Wass observes that the study of death and dying will

help individuals and societies transcend self-interest in favor of concern for others

The traditional African attitude towards death is essentially

positive because it is part of the totality of life

In discussing how people understand death, the term "noncorporeal continuity" refers to the idea that

human beings survive in some form after the death of the physical body

In reviewing the status of research and practice in thanatology, Herman Feifel points out that the

human mind operates on various levels of reality or finite provinces of meaning

In Erickson's model, approximately what age marks the beginning of the child's moral sense?

preschool and kindergarten years

Hospice programs are mandated to

provide bereavement follow-up services for the family

A living will allows an individual to

refuse life-sustaining treatment in the event he or she is terminally ill.

In the medical management of pain, what rule states that a harmful effect of treatment, even if it results in death, is permissible if the harm is not intended and occurs as a side effect of a beneficial action?

rule of double effect

In Celtic traditions, what is the term for the breach in time when supernatural communication with gods as well as the dead could take place?

samhain

Epidemiologic transition is BEST defined as the

shift in disease patterns characterized by a redistribution of deaths from the young to the old.

Respite care

temporary institutional care of a dependent elderly, ill, or handicapped person, providing relief for their usual caregivers.

Research into death anxiety has been characterized by Kastenbaum as

thanatology's own assembly line

What did Eric Cassell write about the social role of the dying patient?

the death of the body is a physical phenomenon whereas the passing of a person is nonphysical

Which of the following BEST describes the phrase "medical technology that seems to one person a godsend, extending life, may seem to another a curse"?

the effects of new technology involves personal and social consequences and trade-offs

A massive heart attack is illustrative of one type of dying trajectory. t/f

true

The right to refuse treatment remains constitutionally protected even when a patient is unable to communicate. t/f

true

There is no medical or ethical distinction between withholding and withdrawing treatment. t/f

true

What disorder of consciousness has been characterized as "awake but unaware" and also has been called "hopelessly conscious"?

vegetative state

The rural cemetery movement began in the United States

in the early 1900s

In Erikson's model, the years from about 6 to the beginning of puberty is sometimes known as the

industrial age

In Erikson's model, the years from about six to the beginning of puberty correspond to what stage?

industry vs. inferiority

The Patient Self-Determination Act requires providers of services under Medicare and Medicaid to do which of the following?

inform patients of their rights to appoint a health care proxy and draw up written instructions regarding treatment

According to Erik Erikson's theory, during which developmental stage do children increasingly seek their own direction and purpose?

initiative vs. guilt

In Erikson's model of psychosocial development, in what period is bodily mutilation and disfigurement one of the death related fears?

initiative vs. guilt

According to Barton Bernstein, the first legal stage in cases of terminal illness

involves the patient in long-range planning and arranging legal and financial affairs

Even when curative treatments have ended, the effort to control circumstances around death and dying so that it comes out "right" is termed

managed death

Depictions of death in the mass media, in which the symbolic use of death contributes to an "irrational dread of dying and thus to a diminished vitality and self-direction in life" is referred to as

mean world syndrome

Which of the following is NOT an example of the dimension of sociological thanatology?

pain and symptom control

Human concern for the dead

predates written history

In Gerbner's "mean world syndrome", the symbolic use of death contributes to 1. an irrational dread of dying. 2. diminished vitality. 3. diminished self-direction in life. 4. an increased hoarding of weapons.

1,2,3

Which of the following are included in William Lamers "levels" of hospice care? 1. Traditional 2. Long-term 3. High-tech 4. Conventional

1,2,3

Which of the following are included in Ernest Becker's "four strands of emphasis" in terror management theory (TMT)? 1. The world is a terrifying place. 2. There is always an underlying good versus evil struggle, and good ultimately prevails. 3. Because the terror of death is so overwhelming, we conspire to keep it unconscious. 4. The basic motivation for human behavior is the need to control our basic anxiety, to deny the terror of death.

1,3,4

Which of the following are the three major psychological and behavioral patterns that individuals use in coping with the threat of death as identified by Therese Rando? 1. Retreat and conservation of energy 2. Attack and evaluate the threat 3. Attempting to master or control the threat of death 4. Exclusion from the threat of death

1,3,4

Approximately how much has the average life expectancy in the United States increased since 1900?

30 years

According to Daniel Callahan, what percentage of Americans believe that medical technology can always save their lives?

40%

In a study of nursery rhymes, approximately what percentage describe ways in which humans or animals die or are mistreated?

50 percent

The establishment of death studies, in modern times, can be traced to explorations of death by

Frued

The modern scientific approach to the study of death is usually traced to a symposium organized in 1956 by

Herman Feifel

What subcomponent of universality makes explicit the understanding not only that all living things die but also that each living thing will die?

Personal mortality

By what age do most children understand that death is a changed state?

Preschool years

In traditional Hindu households, death is __________

a communal affair

According to George Gerbner, the "mean world syndrome" describes depictions of death in the mass media as embedded in a structure of violence that conveys

a heightened sense of danger

According to Yvette Colón of the American Pain Foundation, what is a critical first step in assessing and managing pain?

belief that pain is real

Mutual pretense, as a way of coping with painful circumstances such as a terminal illness,

can be a useful short-term strategy for coping with a painful situation

Feelings of inadequacy, nonreciprocal giving, and too many demands are among the main sources of

caregiver stress

Corr's primary dimensions in coping with dying are physical, psychological, spiritual, and

social

In literature, the meaning of death is often explored as it relates to the individual as well as

society

The elements of the health care system are patient, institution, and

staff