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PSYCH Untimed 2

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"________ ground" refers to the information that is shared by people who engage in conversation. It allows for communication between speaker and listener to make coherent sense to both parties.

Common

__________ must keep up with _________, an effect that some have called the uncanny wall.

Digital realism; viewer expectations

Who is most likely to be influenced by peripheral cues when processing a televised message from an antilittering campaign?

Doug, who is distracted by a conversation he is having with his roommate

Marijuana has been legalized in some places. Which factor is most likely related to this trend?

The use of marijuana for medicinal purposes has shown a potentially positive side of the drug.

Which of the following is the best definition of dualism?

There is a clear distinction between the physical world and mental experience.

Which of the following is a possible outcome when individuals' implicit and explicit attitudes do not match?

They are unaware they hold an actual bias, such as a bias towards an ethnic minority.

Which of the following are tools we use for psychological self-defense?

cognitive biases

Imagine you're against war. You take a job at a bomb factory. After you work there for a few years, you become pro-war. This demonstrates _________________,

cognitive dissonance

Which of the following are capacity-limited?

cognitive resources, perception and attention

Which of the following describes how and why people may compare themselves to others to rationally evaluate themselves or to enhance their self-concepts and defend themselves against negative self-judgements?

social comparison theory

A participant who has just participated in an experiment involving dichotic listening is LEAST likely to remember

the meaning of the words presented on the unattended channel.

Which of the following refers to the human tendency to come to prefer people or things because they have become familiar?

the mere exposure effect

Which of the following refers to the smallest unit of sound in a language? These may or may not convey meaning on their own.

phoneme

Which of the following refers to a component of words?

phonemes, morphemes and letters

Which of the following refers to a component of sentences?

phonemes, morphemes and words

Tracy enters a car dealership interested in buying a new car. Immediately she is greeted by a salesman offering her water or soda and a cookie. The salesman is likely relying on what social norm to help persuade Tracy to buy a car?

reciprocity

One proposed aspect of the self is that you reflect on and try to change your own self. This describes the self as __________.

reflexive

Consciousness can best be described as:

A state of awareness of the self and of the environment

Which type of brain activity is associated with drowsiness/relaxation?

Alpha waves

Which of the following is a famous example of the uncanny valley in animation?

Beowolf - not brave or the incredibles Beowulf, Polar Express and The Adventures of Tintin

Tests like the Implicit Association Test (IAT) are preferred to self-report measures of prejudice. Which of the following is NOT an accurate explanation for this preference?

Blatant prejudice is more important to examine than implicit prejudice.

Which of the following refers to the systematic and predictable ways in which we care about the outcomes of others.

Bounded self-interest

Which linguist proposed that the thoughts that an individual has are determined by the language that he or she uses?

Edward Sapir

Of the following, who first described the uncanny valley, at least in part?

Ernst Jentsch

Of the following, who described the uncanny valley, at least in part?

Ernst Jentsch, Masahiro Mori, and Sigmund Freud

While gossip can hurt individuals, it has upsides. What is one of the main functions of gossip in our social world?

Gossip helps regulate the social world by communicating what is right or wrong and under what circumstances.

Which of the following might make inattentional blindness less common?

Greater working memory capacity

Which of the following refers to when people unintentionally fail to notice an unexpected sound or voice when attention is devoted to other aspects of a scene?

Inattentional deafness

If a language doesn't have a word for "seven", it means that __________.

It's difficult for native speakers of that language to consider the concept of "7", or multiple "7"s.

Which is true of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?

Language can augment certain types of thinking.

Which of the following is the most accurate description oflinguistic relativity?

Language influences but does not determine how we think.

The assigned Invisibilia language episode (HIgh Voltage) provides anecdotal evidence that ______________________.

Language influences emotion.

Which of the following is the name for words and expressions?

Lexicon

Which of the following is true of sleep?

Many studies show that sleep is a common problem for college students.

________ is a concept that partially exists as a result of the word to describe it.

Mendokusai, Gender, Liget, Saudade

Which of the following is not necessarily a group-level phenomenon?

Mere Exposure

Patrick has sustained damage to his orbitofrontal cortex, but his twin brother, Ben, has not. Which of the following statements is most likely to be true about these two brothers?

Patrick will take more risks than Ben

Which of the following advertising strategies BEST illustrates an attempt to persuade people through the central route?

Research is presented demonstrating that a particular moisturizing lotion is more effective than other products.

Which of the following concepts, described in assigned readings, is used to make similar conceptual points as the story of language and emotion in the assigned Invisibilia language episode?

Saudade

_____________ exist(s) in the minds of every human.

Stereotypes

Which of the following is the name for rules by which words are strung together to form sentences?

Syntax

What does it mean when psychologists say that the "I" is perceiving the "me"?

The self as a knower is able to reflect on the self as a known object or target.

The fundamental attribution error occurs when _______________.

We mistakenly attribute others' behavior to their disposition instead of the situation.

Which of the following is an example of how people in conversation tend to exhibit similar accents and rates of speech, often associated with people's social identity?

While Adam is a native English American speaker he uses an Australian accent when he speaks to his dad who is from Australia.

What is the most accurate statement regarding understanding another's consciousness?

You cannot know consciousness from another person's point of view.

Which of the following is the best definition of language?

a communication system that involves using words to transmit information from one individual to another

Multitasking is ________.

a myth, under most circumstances.

Which situation is the most difficult (and most dangerous)?

a novice driver talking on a cell phone

What is the definition of self-esteem?

a person's sense of feeling worthy or good.

Which is the best definition of mindfulness?

a state of heightened conscious awareness

Believing that women with blond hair are dumb is an example of ____________, while refusing to hire a woman with blond hair is an example of ____________.

a stereotype; discrimination

I fail to turn on my turn signal before changing lanes, and almost cause an accident. I think to myself "That was close! I think that there may be too many cars on this road to eat this Whopper while I drive", I'd most clearly be demonstrating __________.

actor-observer bias

"Psychological self-defense" describes ways that our cognitive system protects ____________.