Psychlearn8 - measuring and reliability

Physiological methods of data collection can be advantageous because they ______.

can provide direct measurements

A researcher is planning to obtain data from online polls through social media sites over the past 2 years and use those data to estimate participants' attitudes. What type of data will the researcher be using?

Archival data

Why might a researcher not want to use archival data?

Archival data typically have fewer issues with construct validity.

Select the double-barreled question(s) from the following list.

Are you in favor of shorter class sessions and shorter semesters?

Select the appropriate word to complete a semantic differential scale where the first point on the continuum is designated as "Easy."

Difficult

Which of these questions will collect qualitative data?

How do you feel when you recall your past birthdays? What is your mother's opinion about the election?

A researcher is planning to administer a short survey that deals with several aspects of self-esteem. Which form of reliability would be important to ensure that there is consistent responding to each aspect of the construct?

Internal

When gathering self-report data, why is including the phrase "Does not apply" as an answer choice problematic?

It contributes to a confusing survey layout.

"When providing a polite response, how often do you say Thank you?" What is problematic about this question?

It is a leading question.

"If a helpless, elderly individual falls down and cries out in pain, how likely are you to help?" What is problematic about this question?

It is a loaded question.

Identify the type of question for the following description: It is often used to measure respondents' attitudes by asking the extent to which they agree or disagree with a particular question or statement. A typical scale might be "Strongly disagree, Disagree, Neutral, Agree, Strongly agree."

Likert scale question

Select the types of scales that are most appropriate when a researcher wishes to measure a participant's attitude.

Likert scale questions Semantic differential scale questions

A researcher asks participants to record in a journal how often they feel angry each day for a week. What is a possible problem with this method of data collection?

Participants might minimize their feelings of anger in order to report a smaller number for each day.

The following question would provide what type of data?

Quantitative data

Identify the type of question for the following example: Place in order from most to least important when choosing a vacation destination: proximity to water, proximity to mountains, distance from home, cost of hotel/lodging.

Ranking scale question

Which of the following questions would be problematic due to containing information that participants may not know?

Rate your average feelings of sympathy the last 10 times someone shared their bad news with you.

Identify the type of question for the following description: A closed-ended survey question used to represent respondent feedback in a comparative form for specific particular features/products/services (e.g., level of pain when visiting the doctor from a 1 to 10 in terms of severity).

Rating scale question

Which of the following describes self-observation?

Researchers ask participants to record their own actions as they occur in real time.

Identify the type of question for a rating scale designed to measure the connotative meaning of objects, events, and concepts. The connotations are used to derive the attitude towards the given object, event or concept. (e.g., if you were to mark X on a continuum that best represents your attitude toward smoking cigarettes from Healthy to Unhealthy)

Semantic differential scale question

A researcher included reverse-worded items in a self-report measure. How would she use reverse coding?

She would need to flip the coding scale so the same type of responses were coded the same way.

Why might a researcher choose to use closed-ended questions?

They generate quantitative data. They can be objectively scored.

Why might a researcher use the participant observation method to gather data?

To observe behavior that participants may not report accurately.

Reliability is

a measure of consistency. necessary to establish validity.

A researcher administered a survey and is concerned that some participants may have hurried to answer the questions and answered them all negatively without taking the time to read the questions and consider the appropriate response for each one. To deal with this concern when designing future surveys, the researcher should ______.

add reverse-worded questions

Qualitative data

are generated from open-ended questions. include detailed responses.

The biggest concern for the construct validity of archival data is

d. face validity.

Ranking scale questions

do not indicate equal value for items.

If an individual exaggerates his symptoms on a self-report measure to try to meet the criteria for a disorder that would provide disability benefits or access to medication, this type of response set is known as

faking bad.

Split-half reliability would be an important check for

long self-report measures.

Multiple-choice questions should have answer choices that are

mutually exclusive. exhaustive.

The question "How do you feel when you begin a research methods exam?" is an example of a(n) _________ question.

open-ended

A researcher poses as a college student and pledges six sororities to collect data on the pledging processes that are common for sororities. The method of observation being utilized is

participant observation.

The polygraph is considered a(n)

physiological measure with low face validity.

Self-report data may come from

questionnaires. interviews.

A researcher asks participants to list how they felt when they boarded the airplane during each of the last five times they flew. This is an example of

self-report.

Consider the following question: "If you witness classmates cheating on an assignment, would you report the behavior?" If a participant answers Yes to this question because it is considered morally wrong to cheat, instead of honestly considering whether she would report cheating, this indicates the potential of a(n) _____ response set.

social desirability

If a construct is expected to be stable over time, it is important to measure _____ reliability to ensure this consistency in responding.

test-retest

When reviewing a participant's responses, you are concerned that the participant may not have been reading the questions carefully because the participant answered all questions as True. This would be considered a _____ response set.

yea-saying