Psychology 9-11

A personality test reveals that Jacqueline is antagonistic, ruthless, and suspicious, while Melissa is acquiescent, soft-hearted, and trusting. It appears that Jacqueline and Melissa have scored at opposite ends of the _____ dimension of the five-factor model.

agreeableness

which of the following contributed to the humanistic perspective of personality

carl rogers

Physical strength, stamina, and some sensory abilities tend to decline in late adulthood.

true

in milgrams study on obedience how many participants stopped before the 300 volt level

0%

what is the correct consensus on the number of key traits for measuring personality

5

Which psychologists made important contributions to the humanistic perspective on personality?

Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers

The term psychologists use to describe and measure the emotional bond between an infant and his or her caregiver is:

attachment

what life stage is known for exploration and flexibility in social roles, jobs, and relationships

emerging adulthood

What were the basic results of psychologist Stanley Milgram's original obedience study?

Despite hearing protests from the "learner" in another room, two-thirds of the subjects continued to administer shocks all the way to the full 450-volt level.

Solomon Asch set up an experimental situation in which participants were asked to identify which of three comparison lines was identical to a standard line, as shown here. His research was designed to answer a straightforward question, namely:

Would people conform to group pressure even if the group opinion was clearly wrong?

What type of personality test involves the interpreting of an ambiguous image and is used to assess unconscious motives and conflicts?

a protective test

Conformity is defined as:

adjusting your opinions, judgments, or behavior so that it matches the opinions, judgments, or behavior of other people, or the norms of a social group or situation.

identity vs role confusion is the central conflict during which development stage per erikson

adolescence

term used to describe and measure the emotional bond between an infant and caregiver

attachment

you are less likely to help someone when more people are present because of what

bystander effect

Although Karen's divorce was finalized several months ago, she still refers to Jonathan as her husband rather than her ex-husband when talking with friends. Which ego defense mechanism best explains Karen's behavior?

denial

the teacher embarrasses you in class and at home later you kick your dog in frustration

displacement

Physical strength tends to peak in:

early adulthood

In industrialized countries _____ is the stage of lifespan development from approximately the late teens to the mid to late twenties, which is characterized by exploration, instability, and flexibility in social roles, vocational choices, and relationships.

emerging adulthood

We put forth more effort when working in a group than individually.

false

The most widely accepted trait theory today is called the:

five-factor model of personality.

what's the last of piagets stages of cognitive development

formal

Up until they are about 10 months of age, infants can distinguish among speech sounds:

from any spoken language, whether they have been exposed to it or not.

Tyler is a typical early-maturing boy. Compared to late-maturing boys, he is likely to:

have an advantage in terms of popularity and athletics, but be more prone to feelings of depression, problems at school, and engaging in drug or alcohol use

The majority of adults aged 65 and older in the United States are:

healthy, active, and self-sufficient.

abraham maslow is associated with which theory of personality

humanistic

Per Freud, base impulses and need for immediate gratification relate to which part of personality?

id

According to Freud's theories, what are the three components to our personality?

id, ego, superego

Which of the following represents the correct order of the four psychosocial conflicts that characterize the adolescent and adult years in Erikson's theory?

identity versus role confusion, intimacy versus isolation, generativity versus stagnation, ego integrity versus despair

According to Erikson's theory, the psychosocial conflict that needs to be resolved during adolescence is:

identity versus role confusion.

The tendency to judge the behavior of the members of your group more favorably than the behavior of members of other groups is called:

in-group bias

The social group to which a person belongs is called the _____, and the social group to which a person does not belong is called the _____.

in-group; out-group

per erikson the feeling that ones life has been meaningful, ego integrity occurs when

late adulthood

early maturing girls have what kind of experience

more negative

infant-directed speech is also referred to as

motherese

Twelve-year-old Andrea has been wearing a bra for over a year. She had her first menstrual period when she was 10 years old and is taller than most of her classmates. Compared to late-maturing girls, Andrea is likely to have had:

negative experiences related to her early maturation

In comparison to the age at which young adults got married in 1960, the median age for first marriage in the year 2010 was:

older for both males and females

riding on the subway requires the use of ---- to avoid problmes with other passengers

person perception

_____ is defined as a negative attitude toward people who belong to a specific group.

prejudice

negative attitude toward people who belong to a specific social group

prejudice

interpreting ambiguous images to assess unconscious motives and personality refers to which test

projective

the rorschach inkblot test is what type of personality assessment

projective test

The two basic types of personality tests are:

protective test and self-report inventories

Sigmund Freud is to _____ that which Carl Rogers is to _____.

psychoanalytic; humanistic

---- is the stage of reaching sexual maturity and becoming capable of reproducing

puberty

The term _____ refers to the stage in which an individual reaches sexual maturity and becomes physiologically capable of sexual reproduction.

puberty

After Jack's loan application for a new car was rejected, he told a friend that he was glad he had not gotten the loan because his old car was still very reliable, and he really didn't want to make monthly car payments. Which ego defense mechanism best explains Jack's behavior?

rationalization

During the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development, children:

rely on their sensory and motor skills to acquire practical knowledge about the world

whats the name of the experiment where a fake boys camp was created to study conflict

robbers cave

Warm and responsive parenting is to _____ as neglectful and insensitive parenting is to _____

secure attachment; insecure attachment

Relying on sensory and motor skills to acquire practical knowledge is seen with what stage?

sensorimotor

Which of the following represents the correct order of Piaget's stages of cognitive development?

sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational

which theory of personality emphasizes the role of social influences and role models

social cognitive

what term describes the tendency to put forth less effort when working in a group

social loafing

The "rules," or expectations, for appropriate behavior in a particular social situation are called:

social norms

The branch of psychology that studies how a person's thoughts, feelings, and behavior are influenced by the presence of other people and by the social and physical environment is called:

social psychology

who performed a series of studies on conformity involving confederates and correct answers

solomon asch

The textbook defines _____ as a cluster of characteristics that are associated with all members of a specific social group, often including qualities that are unrelated to the objective criteria that define the group.

stereotype

compared to self report inventories, projective tests of personality are higher

subjective

early maturing boys experience

success in popularity and athletics

touching a newborns lips evokes which of the following

sucking reflex

Your sense of conscience corresponds to which component of personality in Freud's theory?

superego

The phenomenon in which the greater the number of people present means the less likely each individual is to help someone in distress is called:

the bystander effect

By ego integrity Erik Erikson meant:

the feeling that one's life has been meaningful

When you put your finger on your newborn nephew's palm, he curls his own fingers around yours, grasping your finger tightly. What behavior have you elicited from your nephew?

the grasping reflex

The tendency to see members of out-groups as very similar to each other is called:

the out-group homogeneity effect

The bus is fairly crowded when you get on. You make a rapid evaluation and quickly decide to sit next to a well-dressed senior citizen because you think that it will be safer to sit next to him than some of the other people on the bus. This example illustrates:

the process of person perception.

According to attachment theory:

the quality of attachment plays an important role in determining an infant's ability to thrive physically and psychologically

The main strength of projective tests is that:

the scoring of projective tests is extremely objective

The Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget is best known for his:

theory proposing that children progress through distinct stages of cognitive development.

. Describing a friend as "warm, kind, and emotionally stable" follows which view on personality?

trait

When David is asked to describe his best friend, Josh, he responds: "Josh is very friendly, pretty intelligent, and a really nice guy. He seems laid back, but he actually works hard at keeping up with his college classes. " David's description of his friend's personality and his characteristics would be most consistent with which of the following approaches to personality?

trait

A person's personality traits are relatively consistent throughout his or her lifespan.

true

According to Freud's theory of psychoanalysis, repressed feelings, wishes, and drives are contained in the unconscious.

true

According to the five-factor model of personality, the five basic dimensions of personality are: neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness.

true

As a general rule, conformity is higher in collectivistic cultures than it is in individualistic cultures.

true

Both Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers believed that people were inherently motivated to strive to fulfill their potential.

true

Carolina was reprimanded by her boss for not wearing appropriate attire to work. She was angry at her boss because he scolded her in front of the entire office. Instead of releasing her anger on her boss, Carolina went home and kicked her dog as soon as it approached her. Carolina's behavior illustrates the ego defense mechanism of displacement.

true

In general, self-report inventories, such as the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, and the Myers-Brigg have greater validity and reliability than projective tests, such as the Rorschach Inkblot Test and the Thematic Apperception Test.

true

In the Robbers Cave experiment, the researchers created rivalry by having the two groups compete against each other in a series of games.

true

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is a self-report inventory that arrives at a personality type by measuring a person's preferred way of dealing with information, making decisions, and interacting with others.

true

The Robbers Cave experiments by psychologist Muzafer Sherif and his colleagues demonstrated how hostility between groups could be created and, more important, how that hostility could be overcome.

true

The social cognitive perspective on personality emphasizes the importance of observational learning and role models for developing our personality.

true

You are more likely to conform to group norms when you are facing a unanimous majority of four or five people.

true

compared to previous generations 50 years ago, people tend to marry at a later age today

true

According to Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, infancy is characterized by the psychosocial conflict of:

trust versus mistrust

the big include all the following except

trusting

All of the following factors promote conformity except:

you are confident in your abilities or knowledge in the situation