Psychology ch 1 & 2 studyguide

The ________ group does not get the experimental treatment. A. Control. B. Independent. C. Dependent. D. Alternate experimental.

A. Control.

In an experiment to study the effects of light on plants, the light used on each plant would be the __________ variable. A. Independent. B. Extraneous. C. Control. D. Dependent.

A. Independent.

Guillermo spends some time each day applying the principles of structuralism to examine his own conscious experience as carefully as possible. Guillermo is engaged in ________. A. Introspection. B. Behaviorism. C. Psychoanalysis D. Client-centered therapy

A. Introspection

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes describes... A. Psychology. B. Clinical psychology. C. Behaviorism. D. Psychoanalysis.

A. Psychology.

Who was the most influential and well-known figure in psychology's history who displayed fascination in patients who suffered from "hysteria" and neurosis? A. Sigmund Freud. B. Charles Darwin. C. Jean Piaget. D. Ivan Pavlov.

A. Sigmund Freud

Which of the following would be the best example of a valid naturalistic observation study in driving behavior? A. Watching footage obtained from cameras set up unobtrusively on various streets. B. Using footage from red light cameras. C. Having passengers rate the driver's behavior. D. Assessing behaviors from a police cruiser dash cam.

A. Watching footage obtained from cameras set up unobtrusively on various streets.

Researchers are conducting a study where they have concerns that the participant's beliefs and/or the experimenter's beliefs may skew the results. Therefore, they chose to conduct a ________ study. A. Control. B. Double-blind. C. Double-control. D. Single-blind.

B. Double-blind.

Jane participated in a trial for a new migraine medication, which is supposed to help with her migraines. After taking the medication for a week, Jane noticed that her headaches were better. Jane was actually in the group that received a sugar pill. Which concept is demonstrated by this example? A. Single-blind study. B. Placebo effect. C. Experimenter bias. D. Participant bias.

B. Placebo effect.

The cognitive revolution created an impetus for psychologists to focus their attention on better understanding ________. A. Emotions and cultural norms that underlie emotional responses. B. The mind and mental processes that underlie behavior. C. Genetics and the evolutionary adaptations that underlie behavior. D. Stimulus-response and the instincts that underlie human reaction to pain.

B. The mind and mental processes that underlie behavior.

Which of the following is not a potential problem associated with relying on college students as participants in psychological research? A. They are more educated than the general public. B. They have higher attrition rates than other populations. C. They tend to be more liberal than the general public. D. It may be difficult to generalize findings to other groups.

B. They have higher attrition rates than other populations.

Dr. Thomas is interested in the studying a rare disease in one of her patients. She studies this patient individual over the course of a year. This study would be best described as __________________. A. A survey. B. Correlational. C. A case study. D. Cross-sectional.

C. A case study.

The school of psychology that emphasizes the purposes of mind and behavior and views consciousness as a continuous, not discrete, process is called: A. Psychoanalysis. B. Behaviorism. C. Functionalism.

C. Functionalism.

Patwardhan et al. report data from a study where they hired experimental confederates to attend speed dating events, posing as daters, and carefully take notes on the behaviors of the daters. What type of research design did they use? A. Survey. B. Case study. C. Naturalistic observation. D. Experiment.

C. Naturalistic observation.

What is Abraham Maslow best known for? A. Dream analysis. B. Studying the influence of reinforcement and punishment on behavior. C. Proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior. D. Classical Conditioning.

C. Proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior

Which theorist had the most influence in shaping how clinicians interact with people seeking psychotherapy? A. Wilhelm Wundt. B. William James. C. Abraham Maslow. D. Carl Rogers.

D. Carl Rogers.

Oona wants to conduct research on personnel management, workplace environment, and what type of environment results in high levels of employee productivity and efficiency. Oona should conduct research in the area of ________ psychology. A. Gestalt. B. Social. C. Biological. D. Industrial-organizational.

D. Industrial-organizational.

________ research studies the same groups of participants over time. A. Correlational. B. Cross-sectional. C. Archival. D. Longitudinal.

D. Longitudinal.

Behaviorists all focus on ________. A. The subconscious. B. The internal motivation for action. C. Individual attitudes. D. Physiological responses that result in action.

D. Physiological responses that result in action.

In order to assess whether viewpoints on decriminalization of marijuana for medical purposes change with age, four groups of participants, ages 20, 30, 40, and 50, are asked whether they support this issue. What is one flaw of this design? A. Longitudinal research is time consuming. B. Recruitment could be a challenge because people of different ages are difficult to sample. C. Marijuana has already been decriminalized in some places. D. Social or cultural factors may influence the results, not age.

D. Social or cultural factors may influence the results, not age.

Select the correctly ordered list of psychological perspectives, with the earliest perspective listed first. A. humanism, structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism. B. humanism, behaviorism, structuralism, functionalism. C. structuralism, functionalism, humanism, behaviorism. D. structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, humanism.

D. structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, humanism.