Psychology Chapt 8
The word fragment test is used to test a persons_______memory
Implicit
classical conditioning effects are an example of:
Implicit memory
After reading an article about a case of cheating on campus , students are likely to overestimate the incidence of cheating on campus. This is an example of ____
The availability heuristic
Research has shown that there is _________________ between the accuracy of aperson's memory and their confidence in the accuracy of that memory.
Virtually no correclation
Working memory is best thought as__
a set of memory procedures
which part of working memory controls how attention is directed?
mnemonic processor
A person who has just eaten supper completes the word fragment _ o_k as fork (ratherthan as book or look etc). This is an example of:
priming
________ interference works backwards, and ________ interference works forwards.
retroactive, proactive
When asked to come up with a name of a bird, people are much more likely to say " robin" than they are to say " ostrich" This is because_____
robins are prototypical
Damage toe the cerebellum is likely to interfere with...
salience
When she studies for a Psych exam, Melodee always tries to think of ways in which theinformation she is trying to learn relates to her own life. She is hoping to benefit from:
the self-reference effect
_______ fixedness occurs when people's schemas prevent them from using an object in new and non-traditional ways.
functional
magnus was locked in a room . The only way to escape was to force open a window and climb out. Magnus remained locked in the room because he never thought to use his keys for force the window. Magnus' problem was:
functional fixedness
Anterograde amnesia is typically associated with damage to the
hippocampus
Visual sensory memory is more commonly referred to as ________ _______
iconic memory
Heuristics are
information processing strategies
The strengthening of the synaptic connections between neurons as a result of frequent stimulation is called ______ ________
long-term potentiation
Recall involves ________ step(s), and recognition involves ________ step(s
two, one
________ information is lost from sensory memory, and ________ information is lost fromshort-term memory.
unattended, unrehearsed
Puni isn't sure whether she read something in a magazine or in her psychology text book.Puni has a problem with
source monitoring
The spacing effect suggests that when you study for a test you should:
spread your study time over a number of sessions
True or False We tend to better remember items at the beginning and end of a list than those in the middle?
True
True or False In general, people are too confident about their ability to accurately remember events
True
Brain areas that has been shown to be important for memory?
Cerebellum, amygdala, hippocamus,
The tendency to think about and experience events according to "what might have been" is known as...
Counterfactual thinking
True or False In retroactive interference, newer information disrupts our ability to remember information that was learned earlier?
True
T or False A person with retrograde amnesia would be unable to form new long term memories?
False
True or False The spacing effect refers to the fact that it is easier to learn different material in different locations
False
True or False Auditory sensory memory is called iconic memory
False
True or False Memory of our high school graduation would be a good example of semantic memory
False
In the context of memory, LTP stands for
Long term potentiation
The ________ effect refers to a tendency to better remember items presented at the beginning of a list
Primacy
After a stroke, 22-year-old Malik can no longer remember his childhood friends or the vacations he took with his family. Malik is suffering from:
Retrograde amnesia
The stage models of memory, information moves from__
Sensory to short-term to long-term memory
True or False Procedural memory is typically implicit?
True
The sense that we know the information we are trying to recall but can't quite come up with it is known as the
Tip of the tongue phenomenon
True or False Being able to remember whether you heard something on the radio or read it in a book depends on a process called source monitoring?
True
True or False Encoding is the process by which we put information into our memory?
True
The hippocampus is particularly important for explicit memories while the ________ is particularly important for implicit memories.
cerebellum
The cognitive school of psychology found it helpful to liken the brain to a(n):
computer
Our tendency to focus on information that is consistent with our beliefs and to ignore contradictory information is called___
confirmation bias
Shandra is convinced that her neighbor, Joe, is cruel to his dog. She notices every time Joe shouts at the dog or jerks its lead but she doesn't seem to notice the times when Joe plays with the dog or gives it treats. This is an example of:
confirmation bias
________ memory is to hearing as ________ memory is to seeing.
echoic, eidetic
Damage to the amygdala would most likely disrupt our ________ memories.
emotional
________ memory is to first-hand experience as ________ memory is to knowledgeabout the world
episodic, semantic
________ memory refers to knowledge or experiences that can be consciously remembered.
explicit
Ivy remembers watching the solar eclipse in amazing detail. She is certain she canremember exactly what she was wearing, who she was with, what music was playing ona nearby radio and even the breed of dog which ran past her just before the eclipse. Thisis an example of a(n)
flashbulb memory
The term ________ ________ is used to describe a vivid and emotional memory of an unusual event that people believe they remember very well.
flashbulb memory
research suggests that if you are sad when you study for a test you are likely to be better at remembering the material:
when you are sad
The central executive is the part of ________ ________ that directs attention and processing.
working memory