Psychology chapter 14 review
They recognize their desire to achieve their full potential
According to Abraham Maslow, what separates humans from the lower animals?
False
According to B.F. Skinner, socialization is the process of discovering personal freedom and choice
A store of shared human concepts
According to Carl Jung, what is the collective unconscious?
Self-awareness
According to humanistic psychology, what is the very core of what we as people are?
The children were less likely to copy the aggressive behavior
According to studies by Albert Bandura, what happened to the children who saw an adult being punished for aggressive behavior?
Archetypes
Carl Jung identified a number of _________________, which he believed were ideas and images of the accumulated human experience
Introversion-extroversion and emotional stability-instability
Hans Eysenck focused on the relationships between what two personality dimensions?
Erik Erikson
Developed eight stages of psychosocial development based on the theory that personality development is a lifelong process
Introversion
Inward focus-tendency to be imaginative
Albert Bandura
Known for the "Bobo doll" experiments; developed a social cognitive model
Carl Jung
Known for theory involving collective unconscious and archetypes
Socialization
Process by which people learn and adopt behaviors desirable in their particular culture
Acculturation
Process of adapting to a new or different culture
Id
Psychological structure that represents basic drives such as hunger and demands pleasure through instant gratification
Ego
Psychological structure that stands for reason and good sense
True
Psychologists continue to disagrees about which personality factors are the most basic
Repression
Pushes anxiety-causing ideas into unconscious mind
Abraham Maslow
Humanist who focused on self-actualization and created a hierarchy of needs
Carl Rogers
Humanistic psychologist who devised self-theory
Projection
Seeing ones's own faults in other people rather than in oneself
Regression
Stress-induced return to behavior characteristic of an earlier developmental stage
False
The efforts of Gordon Allport and other trait theorists to link personality traits to biological factors is one of the greatest successes of the trait approach
Esteem
The needs for social recognition and accomplishment fall into which level of need?
Sigmund Freud
Used psychoanalysis, dream analysis, and hypnosis to help patients explore their unconscious
Rationalization
Uses self-deception to justify unacceptable behavior
Self-concept
View of oneself as an individual
True
Watching television and reading books are both forms of observational learning
Yellow bile, black bile, blood, and phlegm
What are the four basic fluids, or humors, that Hippocrates believed were the basis of personality traits?
Id,Ego,and Superego
What are the three basic psychological structures in the mind did Freud identify?
How traits and personality types develop
What do humanistic theories fail to account for?
People see the value of matching individuals to jobs on the basis of personality traits
What is a practical benefit of the work of trait theorists?
Pattern of feelings, motives,and behavior that set people part from one another
What is personality?
Personalities tend to mature
What do the psychologists who helped develop the Five-Factor Model believe about people's personalities?
Humanistic
The _____________ approach teaches that people shape their personalities through free choice and action
False Correct answer: true
A strength of behaviorism is its ability to describe and explain people's thoughts and feelings
Social-cognitive
Albert Bandura's method of predicting human behavior based on the interaction of personal, behavioral, and environmental factors is called the ______________________ theory
False
Albert Maslow developed a hierarchy of five basic needs that must be met before a person can begin to address esteem and self-actualization
Experience
Behaviorists emphasize the effects of what on behavior?
Karen Horney
Believe that genuine and consistent love could temper the effects of even the most painful childhood
Gordon Allport
Believed that a person's behavior is a product of particular combination of traits
True
On the whole, the Western outlook on society favors and fosters a sense if Individualism
Extroversion
Outward focus-tendency to be active and self-expressive
Ethnicity and gender
Sociocultural psychology focuses on the roles of what factors in forming personality?
True
The social cognitive theory holds that personality is shaped and learning is acquired by the interaction of personal factors, behaviors, and environmental factors
True
The social-learning theory of personality development emphasizes conscious through over unconscious thought
Sociocultural
Theorists who focus on the roles of ethnicity, gender, and culture in the formation of personality advocate the ______________ approach
People are free to choose but are responsible for their choices
What does humanistic theory say about freedom of choice?
All people undergo inner struggles between drives and rules
What does the psychoanalytic approach to personality teach?
