Psychology Final Exam Part 1
Psychologists define learning as the process of
acquiring new information or relatively enduring behaviors.
In a psychological experiment, the factor that may be influenced by the manipulated experimental treatment is called the ________ variable.
dependent
The simultaneous processing of information at both conscious and unconscious levels is called
dual processing
The persistence of learning over time most clearly depends on
memory
Learning specific behaviors simply by watching others perform them is known as
observational learning.
Morphine and heroin are
opiates
Consciousness is defined as
our awareness of ourselves and our environment
Our tendency to believe we know more than we do best illustrates
overconfidence
An axon is
the extension of a neuron that carries messages away from the cell body
Cognition refers to
the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.
The process of encoding refers to
getting information into memory.
The endocrine system consists of the
glands that secrete hormones
Which major force in psychology emphasized unconscious thought processes?
Freudian psychology
Circadian rhythm refers to
a pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24-hour cycle
A gender role refers to
a set of expected behaviors for men or for women
A descriptive technique for obtaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a representative sample of a population is known as
a survey
A reflex refers to
an automatic response to sensory stimulation
Contemporary psychology is best defined as the science of
behavior and mental processes
One of the three major concerns of developmental psychology involves a focus on
continuity and stages
The hindsight bias refers to people's tendency to
exaggerate their ability to have foreseen an outcome
The nature-nurture issue refers to the debate over the relative contributions that ________ make to the development of psychological traits.
genes and experience
The use of physical punishment may
have all of these results.
Individualism is to collectivism as ________ is to ________.
independence; interdependence
The function of dendrites is to
receive incoming signals from other neurons
An event that strengthens the behavior it follows is a(n)
reinforcement.
Norms are best described as
rules for socially acceptable behavior
Adolescence extends from
the beginnings of sexual maturity to independent adulthood.
The central nervous system consists of
the brain and the spinal cord
The impact of our cultural backgrounds on the development of our personal values best illustrates the influence of
the environment
Correlation is a measure of the extent to which two factors
vary together
