Psychology Module #20: The Nonvisual Senses

In 1937, two Harvard psychologists asked the public for assistance in helping find the Lindbergh baby after he was kidnapped. People were asked to submit the contents of their dreams. Out of 1300 submissions, what percentage of people accurately predicted that the baby had already died?

5 percent

The practice of _____ is based on the theory that one way to block pain messages is to create competing stimulation. This in turn is based on the gate-control theory of pain.

Acupuncture

Tabitha is looking for a new roommate. She has invited a person to meet her in her apartment and she really hopes this person will agree to be her new roommate. Tabitha's mother, a real estate agent, tells her to bake cookies and make hot tea just before her prospective roommate arrives. Tabitha's mother explains that the hot drink and smell of the cookies will affect this person's judgment of Tabitha and the apartment. This is an example of:

An embodied cognition

Damage to the basilar membrane is most likely to affect one's:

Audition

After a rap concert, as Dominique walks out into the fresh air, she notices her ears are ringing. This ringing indicates possible damage to the hair cells of her _____ membrane.

Basilar

Kari is a fan of heavy metal music. Her mother is concerned that prolonged exposure to ear-splitting music could most likely damage her _____ membrane.

Basilar

When people are told that a bottle of wine is much more expensive than it really is, they are likely to:

Believe it tastes better than it would otherwise

Taste is a(n) _______ sense.

Chemical

_____________ occur(s) when the eardrum is punctured or if the tiny bones in the middle ear lose their ability to vibrate.

Conduction hearing loss

They theorized that the spinal cord contains a neurological gate that either blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain.

Melzack and Wall

The hammer, anvil, and stirrup are three tiny bones that make up the:

Middle ear

Given what is known about the relationship between _____ and pain, if Charlene is trying to pick a hospital room for a loved one who is in a great deal of pain, she should pick a room with a number of windows looking out on different scenes.

Distraction

A(n) _____ in psychological science is the influence of bodily sensations, gestures, and other states on cognitive preferences and judgments.

Embodied cognition

The claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input is known as:

Extrasensory Perception

The practice of acupuncture is based on the theory that one way to block pain messages is to create competing stimulation. This in turn is based on the:

Gate-control theory of pain

Shelton and John have been friends since they were small children. Both are now in their late 60's and have been through a lot together. Shelton notices that John repeatedly complains of his arthritis pain. He takes medication for the pain and uses a heating pad to help ease the pain. After a visit with his friend, Shelton begins to notice that he has pain in his lower back and hands. Shelton is convinced that he too has arthritis. Why might Shelton experience pain now?

He feels empathy for his friend

_____ proposes that hypnosis is a by-product of normal social and mental processes.

Social influence theory

The cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibular sacs make up the:

Inner ear

A person who responds successfully to a hypnotic suggestion that he NOT react to the smell of ammonia held under his nose is likely to be the type of person who:

Is frequently engaged in imaginative activities

Marla has a persistent itch on her arm. This is most likely caused by:

Pain receptors

According to social influence theory, hypnosis is a social phenomenon. Which of the following is BEST explained by social influence theory?

People who are good at role playing are good prospects for hypnosis

To help their patients control undesired symptoms and behaviors, during a hypnosis session, some clinicians make a _____ suggestion, to be carried out by the patient after he or she is no longer hypnotized.

Posthypnotic

Psychics are unable to make millions of dollars betting on horse races. This undermines their claims to possess the power of _____.

Precognition

Psychics are unable to make millions of dollars betting on horse races. This undermines their claims to possess the power of:

Precognition

A jury is deliberating in a room that had been freshly painted the day before. The room is still giving off a strong paint odor. It is more likely that the jury will:

Render a harsh verdict

Billy Bob works at the airport as a member of the ground crew. He typically takes off his hearing protection as he finds it cumbersome. Prolonged exposure to the roars of the jet engines will result in _____ hearing loss.

Sensorineural

Kari is a fan of heavy metal music. Her mother is concerned because she knows that prolonged exposure to ear-splitting music can cause _____ hearing loss.

Sensorineural

Astra is house-sitting. On the first night, a thunderstorm causes the electricity to go out. She remembers seeing some candles and matches next to the grandfather clock. Why does she automatically cock her head when trying to pinpoint the sound of the clock?

So that her two ears will receive slightly different messages

When Amber sees numbers each number causes her to see a different color with each number. When Amber tastes various foods different colors flash before her eyes. She often says that ice cream "tastes blue." The condition which causes these combined perceptions is called:

Synesthesia

Judith suffers from painful arthritis. Judith's physician gave her medication to help ease her pain. The medication Judith was given contained water, rather than actual medicine. However, Judith reported that her pain reduced. Which of the following is the best explanation for this?

The medication dampened the central nervous system's attention and response to her back pain

How are the basilar membrane and taste bud receptors alike?

They both use hair to detect sensations

Which of the following would best explain why psychics are sometimes able to make accurate predictions?

They make a lot of guesses

This coiled, bony, fluid-filled _____ in the ear through which sound waves trigger nerve impulses is called the cochlea.

Tube