Psychology Unit 7

Lila entered an unfamiliar room and noticed its arrangement, unique carpet, and bright lighting. The memory of what the room looked like during her observation most closely represents what stage model of memory? Sensory memory Long-term memory Short-term memory Elaborative rehearsal

A

Which one of the following correctly matches the part of the brain with the type of memory for which it is responsible? Cerebellum; procedural memory Hippocampus; implicit Amygdala; procedural Hippocampus; procedural

A

type of long-term memory encompassing memories that are easily verbalized declarative memory procedural memory sensory memory working memory implicit memory

A

retroactive interference

newer memory traces inhibit the retrieval of older memory traces

proactive interference

older memory traces inhibit the retrieval of newer memory traces

repression

threatening memories are pushed into the inaccessible unconscious part of the mind

Iconic Memory

sight/visual impressions, part of sensory memory

memory consolidation

stabilization and long-term storage of memory traces

semantic encoding

stores the general meaning of the stimulus

phonological loop

stores verbal/auditory information

recognition

tasks takes stimulus and filters through the large amounts of information it provides to match something previously stored

haptic memory

taste, smell, touch, part of sensory memory

Explicit Memory

the conscious use of memory, relies heavily on language

Sensory Memory

the immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system

Long-Term Memory

the relatively permanent storage of information

Implicit Memory

the unconscious use of memory, things done regularly without thought

motivated forgetting

unwanted memories are temporarily blocked from being retrieved into working memory

retrieval

using stored information brought from storage when needed at a later time

Storage

where information is retained in memory

accesses, moves, and processes information that we are currently using

working memory

In the 2004 movie 50 First Dates, Drew Barrymore's character gets into a car accident and loses the ability to form new memories since the accident. She seems to be suffering from what condition? Cue-dependent forgetting Anterograde amnesia Repression Retrograde amnesia

B

Which of the following events is most likely to create a flashbulb memory? Memorizing a textbook Surviving a bad car accident Having a bad first date Freshman year of college

B

Which one of the following memory processes involves being able to pull information out of memory on test day? Storage Retrieval Encoding Conscience

B

Evan knew weeks in advance about a big exam. However, things kept coming up, and he kept delaying his studying until the night before the exam. Which one of the following terms describes his studying? Overlearning Distributed practice Elaborative rehearsal Massed practice

D

When asked for his phone number, Dejon says 456-587-5565, pausing in between each set of numbers. Which one of the following memory devices is he using? Self-reference effect (SRE) Maintenance rehearsal Mnemonic Chunking

D

Which one of the following statements about memory is true? Memory function improves when focusing on multiple tasks at once. Hormones in the thalamus are responsible for long-term memory. Memory is only reconstructive in nature. Memory is often inaccurate.

D

Which one of the following types of memories is only available to you for a fraction of a second? Short-term memory Working memory Long-term memory Sensory memory

D

Encoding

Inputting information into memory in the form of memory traces

anterograde amnesia

inability to encode new declarative memories in long-term memory

retrograde amnesia

inability to recall previously store declarative memories

levels of processing

long term memory as a thorough form of processing

cue-dependent forgetting

memories are not as easily retrieved when the retrieval cues do not match the cues that were present during the encoding

semantic memories

memories of factual, conceptual information, not unique to just one person

stabilization and long-term storage of information in the brain

memory consolidation

decay

memory traces that are not routinely activated erode over time

elaborative rehearsal

moving information to long-term, forming associations or mental connections

Commonly, when someone gets a new cell phone number, it is impossible to remember the old cell number. What phenomenon does this illustrate? Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon Retroactive interference Misinformation effect Repression

B

Which one of the following statements is true regarding autobiographical memory? Reminiscing about one's life events is a male gender-typed activity. Women are better able to remember autobiographical events because they have a greater tendency to elaborate for emotional event memories. Men can better remember emotional childhood memories. As autobiographical memory is created, all parts of the episodic memory stay intact.

B

Which one of the following statements regarding the serial position effect is true? Short-term memory is fully engaged during memorization of a list. The recency effect occurs when the last item in the list is recalled. Primary memory is affected the most by normal aging. All words on the serial-position curve have an equal chance of being recalled.

B

Which one of the following types of memories is our largest and most permanent memory storage system? Working memory Long-term memory Short-term memory Sensory memory

B

Being able to remember all the colors of the rainbow without the mnemonic ROYGBIV is an example of what kind of task? Schema Top-down processing Recall Recognition

C

Lola was at the grocery store and ran into a person whose name she knew, but no matter how hard she tried to remember it, she could not pull it out of her memory. Which one of the following terms best describes her experience? Recognition Decay Tip of the tongue phenomenon. Amnesia

C

The saying "King Philip Came Over for Good Soup" as a tool for remembering the animal classification and organization system -- Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus and Species. What kind of a memory device is this? Massed practice Schema Mnemonics Memory consolidation

C

Which one of the following can help maintain good memory? Getting minimal sleep between sessions Anaerobic exercise Flavanols Diet rich in fat and sugar

C

Which one of the following scenarios illustrates the use of implicit memory? A high-school graduate's first day of college, trying to find the registrar's office Learning a new dance routine A 40-year-old driving a car home from work A 1-year old eating spaghetti

C

Which one of the following statements is true about elaborative rehearsal? Elaborative rehearsal is used when memorizing multiplication tables. Elaborative rehearsal involves repeating information repeatedly until it's connected to memory. Elaborative rehearsal is better for moving information from short-term to long-term memory. Elaborative rehearsal is also known as maintenance rehearsal.

C

Which one of the statements about explicit memory is true? Is utilized when driving a car Can store 7 +/- 2 items Relies on language Relies on unconscious use of memory

C

Chunking

Combining small pieces of information into larger clusters or chunks that are more easily held in short-term memory.

working memory

a view that says memory stages run in a parallel fashion, not serial

Retrieval

ability to recall and output information that is stored in memory

Short-Term Memory

activated memory that holds a few items briefly before the information is stored or forgotten

condition in which one is unable to store new memories in long-term memory

anterograde amnesia

central executive

attention-controlling part of working memory

Conciousness

awareness of our own thoughts and the external world

episodic buffer

bridge between STM and LTM and can allow information to flow in both directions

attention

bringing a stimulus into a consciousnesses and becoming aware of it

attention-controlling component of working memory

central executive

combining small bits of information to form larger bits of information

chunking

Memory Traces

codes that are stored as information in memory

flashbulb memories

detailed, accurate memories of emotionally charged events

misinformation effect

distortion of memories that occur when exposed to misinformation

Declarative memories

easily verbalized and includes semantic and episodic memories

act of inputting information into memory

encoding

echoic memory

exact copies of the sounds we hear; a form of sensory memory

What memory does hippocampus make

explicit

conscious use of stored information

explicit memory

Maintenance rehearsal

extends short-term memory for a couple seconds, requires repeating information

unusually detailed and seemingly accurate memory for an emotionally charged event

flashbulb memory

schemas

organized, general knowledge structures, connects similar concepts to eachother

Levels of processing model

predicts that information that is processed deeply will be best retained in and recalled from long-term memory

visuospatial sketchpad

processes visual and spatial information

recall

provide less information and requires us to produce a memory in its while form, less help from external cues

type of retrieval process in which the probe or cue does not contain much information

recall

Episodic memory

recall of ones own unique experiences, most personal

procedural memory

retrieved without any conscious effort or awareness

encoding memory traces in terms of the meaning of the information being stored

semantic encoding

long-term, declarative stored experiences for conceptual information

semantic memory

3 stage systems of memory

sensory, short-term, long-term