Psychology Unit 7
Lila entered an unfamiliar room and noticed its arrangement, unique carpet, and bright lighting. The memory of what the room looked like during her observation most closely represents what stage model of memory? Sensory memory Long-term memory Short-term memory Elaborative rehearsal
A
Which one of the following correctly matches the part of the brain with the type of memory for which it is responsible? Cerebellum; procedural memory Hippocampus; implicit Amygdala; procedural Hippocampus; procedural
A
type of long-term memory encompassing memories that are easily verbalized declarative memory procedural memory sensory memory working memory implicit memory
A
retroactive interference
newer memory traces inhibit the retrieval of older memory traces
proactive interference
older memory traces inhibit the retrieval of newer memory traces
repression
threatening memories are pushed into the inaccessible unconscious part of the mind
Iconic Memory
sight/visual impressions, part of sensory memory
memory consolidation
stabilization and long-term storage of memory traces
semantic encoding
stores the general meaning of the stimulus
phonological loop
stores verbal/auditory information
recognition
tasks takes stimulus and filters through the large amounts of information it provides to match something previously stored
haptic memory
taste, smell, touch, part of sensory memory
Explicit Memory
the conscious use of memory, relies heavily on language
Sensory Memory
the immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Long-Term Memory
the relatively permanent storage of information
Implicit Memory
the unconscious use of memory, things done regularly without thought
motivated forgetting
unwanted memories are temporarily blocked from being retrieved into working memory
retrieval
using stored information brought from storage when needed at a later time
Storage
where information is retained in memory
accesses, moves, and processes information that we are currently using
working memory
In the 2004 movie 50 First Dates, Drew Barrymore's character gets into a car accident and loses the ability to form new memories since the accident. She seems to be suffering from what condition? Cue-dependent forgetting Anterograde amnesia Repression Retrograde amnesia
B
Which of the following events is most likely to create a flashbulb memory? Memorizing a textbook Surviving a bad car accident Having a bad first date Freshman year of college
B
Which one of the following memory processes involves being able to pull information out of memory on test day? Storage Retrieval Encoding Conscience
B
Evan knew weeks in advance about a big exam. However, things kept coming up, and he kept delaying his studying until the night before the exam. Which one of the following terms describes his studying? Overlearning Distributed practice Elaborative rehearsal Massed practice
D
When asked for his phone number, Dejon says 456-587-5565, pausing in between each set of numbers. Which one of the following memory devices is he using? Self-reference effect (SRE) Maintenance rehearsal Mnemonic Chunking
D
Which one of the following statements about memory is true? Memory function improves when focusing on multiple tasks at once. Hormones in the thalamus are responsible for long-term memory. Memory is only reconstructive in nature. Memory is often inaccurate.
D
Which one of the following types of memories is only available to you for a fraction of a second? Short-term memory Working memory Long-term memory Sensory memory
D
Encoding
Inputting information into memory in the form of memory traces
anterograde amnesia
inability to encode new declarative memories in long-term memory
retrograde amnesia
inability to recall previously store declarative memories
levels of processing
long term memory as a thorough form of processing
cue-dependent forgetting
memories are not as easily retrieved when the retrieval cues do not match the cues that were present during the encoding
semantic memories
memories of factual, conceptual information, not unique to just one person
stabilization and long-term storage of information in the brain
memory consolidation
decay
memory traces that are not routinely activated erode over time
elaborative rehearsal
moving information to long-term, forming associations or mental connections
Commonly, when someone gets a new cell phone number, it is impossible to remember the old cell number. What phenomenon does this illustrate? Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon Retroactive interference Misinformation effect Repression
B
Which one of the following statements is true regarding autobiographical memory? Reminiscing about one's life events is a male gender-typed activity. Women are better able to remember autobiographical events because they have a greater tendency to elaborate for emotional event memories. Men can better remember emotional childhood memories. As autobiographical memory is created, all parts of the episodic memory stay intact.
B
Which one of the following statements regarding the serial position effect is true? Short-term memory is fully engaged during memorization of a list. The recency effect occurs when the last item in the list is recalled. Primary memory is affected the most by normal aging. All words on the serial-position curve have an equal chance of being recalled.
B
Which one of the following types of memories is our largest and most permanent memory storage system? Working memory Long-term memory Short-term memory Sensory memory
B
Being able to remember all the colors of the rainbow without the mnemonic ROYGBIV is an example of what kind of task? Schema Top-down processing Recall Recognition
C
Lola was at the grocery store and ran into a person whose name she knew, but no matter how hard she tried to remember it, she could not pull it out of her memory. Which one of the following terms best describes her experience? Recognition Decay Tip of the tongue phenomenon. Amnesia
C
The saying "King Philip Came Over for Good Soup" as a tool for remembering the animal classification and organization system -- Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus and Species. What kind of a memory device is this? Massed practice Schema Mnemonics Memory consolidation
C
Which one of the following can help maintain good memory? Getting minimal sleep between sessions Anaerobic exercise Flavanols Diet rich in fat and sugar
C
Which one of the following scenarios illustrates the use of implicit memory? A high-school graduate's first day of college, trying to find the registrar's office Learning a new dance routine A 40-year-old driving a car home from work A 1-year old eating spaghetti
C
Which one of the following statements is true about elaborative rehearsal? Elaborative rehearsal is used when memorizing multiplication tables. Elaborative rehearsal involves repeating information repeatedly until it's connected to memory. Elaborative rehearsal is better for moving information from short-term to long-term memory. Elaborative rehearsal is also known as maintenance rehearsal.
C
Which one of the statements about explicit memory is true? Is utilized when driving a car Can store 7 +/- 2 items Relies on language Relies on unconscious use of memory
C
Chunking
Combining small pieces of information into larger clusters or chunks that are more easily held in short-term memory.
working memory
a view that says memory stages run in a parallel fashion, not serial
Retrieval
ability to recall and output information that is stored in memory
Short-Term Memory
activated memory that holds a few items briefly before the information is stored or forgotten
condition in which one is unable to store new memories in long-term memory
anterograde amnesia
central executive
attention-controlling part of working memory
Conciousness
awareness of our own thoughts and the external world
episodic buffer
bridge between STM and LTM and can allow information to flow in both directions
attention
bringing a stimulus into a consciousnesses and becoming aware of it
attention-controlling component of working memory
central executive
combining small bits of information to form larger bits of information
chunking
Memory Traces
codes that are stored as information in memory
flashbulb memories
detailed, accurate memories of emotionally charged events
misinformation effect
distortion of memories that occur when exposed to misinformation
Declarative memories
easily verbalized and includes semantic and episodic memories
act of inputting information into memory
encoding
echoic memory
exact copies of the sounds we hear; a form of sensory memory
What memory does hippocampus make
explicit
conscious use of stored information
explicit memory
Maintenance rehearsal
extends short-term memory for a couple seconds, requires repeating information
unusually detailed and seemingly accurate memory for an emotionally charged event
flashbulb memory
schemas
organized, general knowledge structures, connects similar concepts to eachother
Levels of processing model
predicts that information that is processed deeply will be best retained in and recalled from long-term memory
visuospatial sketchpad
processes visual and spatial information
recall
provide less information and requires us to produce a memory in its while form, less help from external cues
type of retrieval process in which the probe or cue does not contain much information
recall
Episodic memory
recall of ones own unique experiences, most personal
procedural memory
retrieved without any conscious effort or awareness
encoding memory traces in terms of the meaning of the information being stored
semantic encoding
long-term, declarative stored experiences for conceptual information
semantic memory
3 stage systems of memory
sensory, short-term, long-term