Week 12

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Major events in Mexico 1808-1810

Creoles and Peninsulares fight over control of government (1808-1810), Southern Spain is conquered by Napoleon (1810), Independence movement (1810-1821)

Long term Causes for Mexican Independence

Drought, Unemployment, Population boom, Bourbon Reforms

In a month Hidalgos army got control of

Guanajuato, Zacatecas, San Luis Potosi, and Valladolid

Despite Mexico City officials finding out about plan and started arresting Hidalgo's co-conspirators

Hidalgo proceeds with plan, rings bell to calls natives and castas to church

80,000 rebels

Hidalgos army

Agustin de Iturbide

Mexican (creole) army officer who joined forces w/ the Indians and Mestizos won mexican's independence then claimed himself emperor

José María Morelos

Mexican priest and former student of Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, he led the forces fighting for Mexican independence until he was captured and executed in 1815.

Miguel Hidalgo

Mexican priest who led peasants in call for independence and improved conditions

In late 1815

Morelos was captured and killed

Hidalgo's army

Natives and castas who were mostly unemployed and disliked problems that arose in 18th century

Vicente Guerrero

Second president of Mexico, executed because he was convicted of treason. Ended Mexican slavery.

Jose Maria Morelos effective military tactics

Surround Mexico City and cut off supplies from coast, guerrilla tactics

Hidalgo's army flag

Virgen de Guadalupe

Plan de Iguala (1821)

a revolutionary proclamation promulgated on 24 February 1821

The Plan de Iguala was designed to guarantee _____.

an independent Mexico with a constitutional monarchy Catholicism as Mexico's state religion

Convened a congress in 1813 in Chilpancingo

declared independence

Miguel Hidalgo became friends

revolutionaries who plotted separation from Spain

Guadalupe Victoria

was the first President of Mexico

Agustin de Iturbide leads

Creole independence movement

Hidalgo was executed

1811

Mexican Independence

1821

Hidalgo retreats to

Coahuila texas and is captured by governor of texas

1/3 guarantees of Plan De Iguala

Constitutional monarchy

Major Events in Europe

French Revolution (1789-1804), Napoleon, Emperor of France (1804-1815), Conquers most of western Europe, Napoleon captures Spanish King Charles IV (1808), Joseph Bonaparte declared King of Spain, Spanish resist French (1808-1810)

New leader of Hidalgo army

José María Morelos

Guadalupe Victoria

Led 1,000 in Puebla and in Veracruz

Vicente Guerrero

Led 2,000 in Oaxaca

Short-terms causes for Mexican Independence

Liberal Revolutions (Hidalgo, Morelos), Napoleonic Invasion of Spain

Hidalgos army attack onGuanajuato

Looting of town for a day and half, 500 Spaniards and 2,000 rebels (mostly natives) were killed

Morelos Constitution principles

People have right to rule, Universal male suffrage, Abolish slavery and caste systems, Stop judicial torture, National religion is Catholicism

Plan de Iguala

Plan to give Mexico Independence from Spain

Hidalgo didn't want rebels to loot Mexico City

Proceeds to Guadalajara

Although Mexican groups were unsuccessful in winning their independence

They were successful at tearing down the Spanish forces

Sentiments of the Nation

a document presented by José María Morelos y Pavón, leader of the insurgents in the Mexican War of Independence, to the National Constituent Congress in Chilpancingo


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