Week 12
Major events in Mexico 1808-1810
Creoles and Peninsulares fight over control of government (1808-1810), Southern Spain is conquered by Napoleon (1810), Independence movement (1810-1821)
Long term Causes for Mexican Independence
Drought, Unemployment, Population boom, Bourbon Reforms
In a month Hidalgos army got control of
Guanajuato, Zacatecas, San Luis Potosi, and Valladolid
Despite Mexico City officials finding out about plan and started arresting Hidalgo's co-conspirators
Hidalgo proceeds with plan, rings bell to calls natives and castas to church
80,000 rebels
Hidalgos army
Agustin de Iturbide
Mexican (creole) army officer who joined forces w/ the Indians and Mestizos won mexican's independence then claimed himself emperor
José María Morelos
Mexican priest and former student of Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, he led the forces fighting for Mexican independence until he was captured and executed in 1815.
Miguel Hidalgo
Mexican priest who led peasants in call for independence and improved conditions
In late 1815
Morelos was captured and killed
Hidalgo's army
Natives and castas who were mostly unemployed and disliked problems that arose in 18th century
Vicente Guerrero
Second president of Mexico, executed because he was convicted of treason. Ended Mexican slavery.
Jose Maria Morelos effective military tactics
Surround Mexico City and cut off supplies from coast, guerrilla tactics
Hidalgo's army flag
Virgen de Guadalupe
Plan de Iguala (1821)
a revolutionary proclamation promulgated on 24 February 1821
The Plan de Iguala was designed to guarantee _____.
an independent Mexico with a constitutional monarchy Catholicism as Mexico's state religion
Convened a congress in 1813 in Chilpancingo
declared independence
Miguel Hidalgo became friends
revolutionaries who plotted separation from Spain
Guadalupe Victoria
was the first President of Mexico
Agustin de Iturbide leads
Creole independence movement
Hidalgo was executed
1811
Mexican Independence
1821
Hidalgo retreats to
Coahuila texas and is captured by governor of texas
1/3 guarantees of Plan De Iguala
Constitutional monarchy
Major Events in Europe
French Revolution (1789-1804), Napoleon, Emperor of France (1804-1815), Conquers most of western Europe, Napoleon captures Spanish King Charles IV (1808), Joseph Bonaparte declared King of Spain, Spanish resist French (1808-1810)
New leader of Hidalgo army
José María Morelos
Guadalupe Victoria
Led 1,000 in Puebla and in Veracruz
Vicente Guerrero
Led 2,000 in Oaxaca
Short-terms causes for Mexican Independence
Liberal Revolutions (Hidalgo, Morelos), Napoleonic Invasion of Spain
Hidalgos army attack onGuanajuato
Looting of town for a day and half, 500 Spaniards and 2,000 rebels (mostly natives) were killed
Morelos Constitution principles
People have right to rule, Universal male suffrage, Abolish slavery and caste systems, Stop judicial torture, National religion is Catholicism
Plan de Iguala
Plan to give Mexico Independence from Spain
Hidalgo didn't want rebels to loot Mexico City
Proceeds to Guadalajara
Although Mexican groups were unsuccessful in winning their independence
They were successful at tearing down the Spanish forces
Sentiments of the Nation
a document presented by José María Morelos y Pavón, leader of the insurgents in the Mexican War of Independence, to the National Constituent Congress in Chilpancingo