Psychology Week 7

One study of pre-school children in Canada asked children to rate specific attributes. What did the study reveal?

Children rated white faces as having more positive attributes than non-white faces.

Who developed the IQ test most widely used today?

David Wechsler

________are the smallest unit of language that carry meaning.

Morphemes

________ is (are) the basic sound units of a spoken language.

Phonemes

Which theorist put forth the triarchic theory of intelligence?

Sternberg

________provides general principles for organizing words into meaningful sentences.

Syntax

Critics of intelligence testing often fail to consider that:

alternatives to intelligence testing are more prone to problems with fairness and validity.

A specific formula for solving a problem is called________ .

an algorithm

When you are examining data to look for trends, which type of intelligence are you using most?

analytical

The analytical intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligenceis demonstrated by the ability to ______________________ .

analyze, evaluate, judge, compare, and contrast

Which type of bias involves becoming fixated on a single trait of a problem?

anchoring bias

Illnesses such as diabetes and stomach cancer kill more than twice the number of Americans than murder or car accidents. However, Zale sees car accidents as more dangerous because he often hears about car accident fatalities on the nightly news, and he doesn't know anyone with diabetes or stomach cancer. Therefore, Zale takes more precautions against car accidents.This exemplifies ______________________ .

availability heuristic

Which of the following is not one of Gardner's Multiple Intelligences?

creative

Where does high intelligence come from?

genetics and environment

Arthur Jensen believed that ________.

genetics was solely responsible for intelligence

The researchers found that a greater degree of language ability was evident for one-year old children who had which of the following?

greater concentrations of grey and white matter in the cerebellum and hippocampus

One of Vedantam's conclusions is that:

hidden associations in the unconscious mind can contribute to bias.

Cognitive psychology is the branch of psychology that focuses on the study of ________.

human thinking

Scientists who study cognition are searching for ways to understand how we ______________________ , organize, and utilize our conscious cognitive experiences without being aware of all of the unconscious work that our brains are doing.

integrate

Anywhere between 30-70% of individuals with diagnosed cases of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) also have some sort of ______________________ .

learning disability

Which brain imaging technique did researchers use to examine the brains of 7-month-old children?

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Schemata are a(an) ______________________ .

method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently

A ______________________ is the smallest unit of language that conveys some type of meaning.

morpheme

Which of the following is an example of an abstract, complex concept?

patriotism

Which type of bias involves relying on a false stereotype to make a decision?

representative bias

Which of the following is key to generating a bell curve?

sample size

A(an) ______________________ is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts.

schema

An event schema is also known as a cognitive ________.

script

The meaning of words and phrases is determined by applying the rules of ________.

semantics

Which term refers to the process by which we derive meaning from morphemes and words?

semantics

Which of the following is an example of a prototype for the concept of leadership on an athletic team?

the star player

Sensations and information are received by our brains, filtered through emotions and memories, and processed to become ______________________ .

thoughts

Parents of African American students filed a case against the state of California in 1979 because they believed the testing method used to identify students with learning disabilities ______________________ .

was culturally unfair as the tests were normed and standardized using White children

The following is a common criticism of intelligence testing

1-Unfairly stratifying test-takers by race 2-Unfairly stratifying test-takers by gender 3-Unfairly stratifying test-takers by culture

The mean score for a person with an average IQ is________.

100

At approximately what age to children start to form concepts and expectations about the world including racial differences?

3 years

Which of the following statements is true?

Poverty always affects whether individuals are ale to reach their full intellectual potential An individual's intelligence is determined solely by the intelligence levels of his siblings The environment in which an individual is raised is the strongest predictor of her future intelligence There are many factors working together to influence an individual's intelligence level. (correct)

The goal of The Rainbow Project, led by Robert Sternberg, was to enhance prediction of college success in order to achieve what goal?

Provide for more equity among different ethnic groups for college admissions

Which of the following statements best summarizes Shankar Vedantam's conclusions about the formation of judgments and biases.

The brain is wired to view members of the person's own race as better or more familiar than members of other races.

What is the Flynn effect?

The observation that each generation has a significantly higher IQ than the previous generation.

Fluid intelligence is characterized by ________.

being able to see complex relationships and solve problems

According to the article (2003), despite some of the difficulties in translating the results of this test into practice, it remains the most widely used instrument for measuring intelligence in children.

WISC-III (now WISC-V)

A mental shortcut in the form of a general problem-solving framework is called________ .

a heuristic

What is a learning disability?

a neurological disorder

In order for a test to be normed and standardized it must be tested on ________.

a representative sample

Which of the following is an example of an artificial concept?

a triangle's area

______________________ encompasses the processes associated with perception, knowledge, problem solving, judgment, language, and memory.

cognition

Natural concepts are mental groupings created naturally through our ______________________ .

experiences