Public Speaking unit 2 questions

What are two ways you can signal the end of your speech?

1.) through what you say, such as, in conclusion 2.) manner of delivery, crescendo ending decrescendo

What are three tips for preparing your main points?

1) Keep Main Points Separate 2) Try to Use the Same Pattern of Wording for Main Points 3) Balance the Amount of Time Devoted to Main Points

What are four tips for your conclusion?

1) Keep an eye out for possible concluding materials as you research and develop the speech 2) Conclude with a bang, not a whimper 3) Don't be long winded 4) Don't leave anything in your conclusion to chance

What guidelines are given in the chapter for presenting visual aids?

1. Display visual aids where listeners can see them 2. Avoid passing visual aids among the audience 3. display visual aids only while discussing them 4. Explain visual aids clearly and concisely 5 Talk to your audience, not to your visual aid 6. Practice with your visual aids 7. Check the room and equipment

What are the four types of informative speeches?

1. speeches about objects 2. speeches about processes 3. speeches about events 4. speeches about concepts

What are four guidelines for your speaking outline?

1.) Follow the visual framework used in the preparation outline 2.) Make sure the outline is legible 3.) Keep the outline as brief as possible 4.) Give yourself cues for slivering the speech

Why is it important to establish your credibility at the beginning of your speech?

It is important to establish credibility at the beginning of your speech, so that your audience knows how and why you are qualified to speak on a topic.

Why must informative speakers be careful not to overestimate what the audience knows about the topic?

So you avoid going over the audiences head and confusing them

What should you do as an informative speaker to relate your topic directly to the audience?

Tie the topic of your speech with the audiences interests and concerns.

Which pattern is used most often?

Topical order

What is a speaking outline?

a brief outline used to jog a speaker's memory during the presentation of a speech

problem-solution pattern

a pattern of organizing the main points of a speech so that they describe a problem and then offer solutions for it

What is a preview statement?

a statement in the introduction of a speech that identifies the main points to be discussed in the body

topical pattern

an organizational pattern arranged by main points or topics and presented in the order that seems most suitable

What is the most important thing to remember when organizing supporting materials in the body of your speech?

make sure they are directly relevant to the main points they are supposed to support

Why is it important for informative speakers to be creative in thinking about ways to communicate their ideas?

so that your speech does not sound like an oral encyclopedia article; boring

What are the five basic patterns of organizing main points in a speech?

1) Chronological Order 2) Spatial Order 3) Causal Order 4) Problem-Solution Order 5) Topical Order

What are three methods you can use to avoid abstractions in your informative speech?

1) Description 2) Comparison 3) Contrast.

What are the four objectives of a speech introduction?

1) Get the attention and interest of your audience 2) Reveal the topic of your speech 3) Establish your credibility and goodwill 4) Preview the body of the speech

What are six tips for your introduction?

1) Keep the introduction relatively brief 2) Be on the lookout for possible introductory materials as you do your research 3) Be creative in devising your introduction 4) Don't worry about the exact wording of your introduction until you have finished preparing the body of the speech 5) Work out your introduction in detail 6) When you present the speech, don't start talking so soon

What two things should you watch out for in making sure your speech is not overly technical?

1) Material that is too technical for the ordinary person 2) Language/terms that are too technical for the ordinary person

What are four ways to reinforce the central idea when concluding your speech?

1) Summarize your Speech 2) End with a Quotation 3) Make a Dramatic Statement 4) Refer to the Introduction

What are the major functions of a speech conclusion?

1) To let the audience know you are ending the speech 2) To reinforce the audience's understanding of, or commitment to, the central idea

What are the four kinds of speech connectives?

1) Transitions 2) Internal Previews 3) Internal Summaries 4) Signposts

Why is it important that speeches be organized clearly and coherently?

1) enhances your credibility 2) it's easier for the audience to understand your message

What guidelines are given in the chapter for preparing visual aids?

1. Prepare visual aids well in advance 2. Keep visual aids simple 3. Make sure visual aids are large enough 4. Use a limited amount of text 5. Use fonts effectively 6. Use color effectively 7. Use images strategically

What are the eight guidelines discussed in this chapter for writing a preparation outline?

1.) State the specific purpose of your speech 2.) Identify the central idea 3.) Label the introduction, body, and conclusion 4.) Use a consistent astern of symbolism and indentation 5.) State main points and sub points in full sentences 6.) Label transitions, internal summaries, and internal previews 7.) Attach a bibliography 8.) Give your speech a title, if one is desired

What is a preparation outline?

A detailed outline of a presentation that includes the central idea, main ideas, and supporting material, and may also include specific purpose, introduction, and conclusion.

chronological pattern of arrangement

A pattern of organizing speech points in a natural sequential order; it is used when describing a series of events in time or when the topic develops in line with a set pattern of actions or tasks.

casual pattern of arrangement

A pattern of organizing speech points in order, first of causes and then of effects or vice versa; it is used when the cause-effect relationship is well established.

Contrast

A statement of the differences among two or more people, events, ideas, etc

Comparisons

A statement of the similarities among two or more people, events, ideas, etc

Description

A statement that depicts a person, event, idea or the like with clarity and vividness

Why is it important to outline your speeches?

An outline helps a speaker see the full scope and content of the speech at a glance, judge whether each part of the speech is fully developed, and helps create a coherent structure for the speech.

What kinds of visual aids might you use in a speech?

Objects and Models. Photographs and drawings. Graphs. Charts. Video. The Speaker (Your body). PowerPoint.

What are the major advantages of using visual aids in your speeches?

People find a speaker's messge more interesting, grasp it more easily, and retain it longer when it is prepared visually as well as verbally.

How many main points will your speeches usually contain? Why is it important to limit the number of main points in your speeches?

Speeches should not contain no more than 2 - 5 main points. Listeners cannot keep track of a multitude of points.

What factors should you consider when planning to use presentation technology in a speech?

o How you can use technology to enhance ideas o You need to know why, how, and when to use technology

What are eight methods you can use in the introduction to get the attention and interest of your audience?

o Relate the topic to the audience o State the importance of your topic o Startle the audience o Arouse the curiosity of the audience o Question the audience o Begin with a quotation o Tell a story o Use visual aids

What does it mean to say that informative speakers should personalize their ideas?

to present one's ideas in human terms that relate in some fashion to the experience of the audience

Why should you nearly always include a preview statement in the introduction of your speech?

to tell the listeners what they should listen for in the rest of your speech

spatial pattern of organization

uses direction or location as the organizing principle. It is particularly useful for highlighting contrast or differences