Pulmonary Embolism
warfarin is a
Anticoagulant (blood thinner)
Chest pain is common with PE however it can be be substernal and mimic
angina
Which factor is an absolute contraindication to receiving a thrombolytic?
pregnancy recent gastrointestinal bleed hemorrhagic stroke a known bleeding disorder recent major surgery or trauma history of intracranial vessel malformation uncontrolled hypertension.
the obstruction of the pulmonary artery or one of its branches by a thrombus that originates somewhere in the venous system orin the right side of the heart.
Pulmonary Embolism
Most common PE is
a dislodge or fragmented DVT
Other types of emboli are
air fat amniotic fluid septic (bacterial invasion of the thrombus)
ischemic necrosis of part of the lung is
pulmonary infaarction
Which intervention should be implemented for patients on any medications that increase the risk of bleeding?
signs of bleeding, which may include bleeding gums, bruising, and dark stools.
The most frequent sign of PE is
tachypnea (rapid respiratory rate)
alteplase is a .
thrombolytic
True or false: multiple small emboli can lodge in the terminal pulmonary arterioles, producing multiple small infarctions of the lungs?
true
PT and INR are monitored in patients receiving
warfarin.
Which medication is an example of an antiplatelet?
Aspirin & Clopidogrel
A patient is on a heparin infusion. Which lab value is used to titrate this medication?
Activated partial thromboplastin clotting time (aPTT)
How do antiplatelets work
Antiplatelets prevent platelets from sticking to stents,
The most frequent symptom of a PE is
Dyspnea
Other interventions when patients are at risk for bleeding are
maintaining fall precautions, avoiding IM injections, and using electric razors.
How do anticoagulants work?
Thin the blood to prevent clots and stop clots from getting bigger.
Hemoglobin is monitored with all anticoagulants but does not impact titration. True or False
True
other symptoms of PE are
anxiety fever tachycardia apprehension cough diaphoresis hemptosys syncope
Work up for a PE are
chest xray, ECG, pulse oximetry, arterial blood gas analysis, D-dimer assay, MDCTA or pulmonary arteriogram or V/Q scan .
How do thrombolytics work
dissolve clots by breaking down fibrin
Obstruction of the pulmonary artery can result in pronounces
dyspnea, sudden substernal pain, rapid and weak pulse, shock, syncope and sudden death