Questions neuro final
What is the process called where there is a rapid change in membrane polarity causing a signal to move or propagate down the axon. a. Polarization b. Depolarization c. Repolarization d. Refraction
Depolarization
Which neurotransmitter is involved in Parkinson's disease? a. Dopamine b. Acetylcholine c. Epinephrine d. Norepinephrine
Dopamine
Which school of thought believes humans are two substances: a material body(brain) and an immaterial soul (mind)? a. Monists b. Dualists c. Phrenologists d. Connectionists
Dualists
Which term means "a movement disorder"? a. Hemiplegia b. Diplopia c. Olfaction d. Dyskinesia
Dyskinesia
Which structure is one of the most important areas for memory? a. Entorhinal cortex b. Inferior temporal area c. Fusiform gyrus d. Somatosensory association cortex
Entorhinal cortex
To what structure does the pineal gland belong? a. Thalamus b. Subthalamus c. Hypothalamus d. Epithalamus
Epithalamus
Efferent communication is sensory in nature, while afferent communication is motor in nature. a. True b. False
False
Encephalocele is a condition where development of the brain stops at the brainstem leaving the child without cerebral hemispheres. a. True b. False
False
Neuron functioning involves both electrical firing at the synapse and chemical firing along the axon. a. True b. False
False
The neurological exam is considered systematic because a neurologist performs it. a. True b. False
False
Which cortical area controls eye movements? a. Prefrontal cortex b. Frontal eye fields c. Broca's area d. Premotor area
Frontal eye fields
Paralysis on one side of the body is called what? a. Hemiparesis b. Hemiplegia c. Dystonia d. Hemianopsia
Hemiplegia
Which school of thought believes that the brain works as an integrative whole? a. Phrenologists b. Localists c. Connectionists d. Holists
Holist
The pituitary gland is part of which structure ? a. Thalamus b. Subthalamus c. Hypothalamus d. Epithalamus
Hypothalamus
Which structure can be thought of as a regulator of things like metabolism, body temperature, etc.? a. Thalamus b. Subthalamus c. Hypothalamus d. Epithalamus
Hypothalamus
Which of the following is a symptom? a. Temperature b. Blood pressure c. "I have a headache" d. Brain Scan
I have a headache
Which of the following is classified as a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system? a. Meningitis b. Huntington's disease c. Parkinson's disease d. Multiple sclerosis
MS
If I asked you questions like "What is your name" and "Why are you here today" what would I be testing? a. Olfaction b. Mental status c. Vision d. Reflexes
Mental Status
Where does the substantia nigra reside? a. Medulla b. Pons c. Midbrain d. Cerebellum
Midbrain
Which of the following nervous system cells is primarily responsible for the communication within the nervous system? a. Neuron b. Astrocyte c. Oligodendroglia d. Schwann Cells
Neuron
A person who overproduces cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) has what condition? a. Obstructive hydrocephalus b. Nonobstructive hydrocephalus c. Thalamic Aphasia d. Dejerine-Roussy syndrome
Nonobstructive hydrocephalus
How many layers make up the cerebral cortex? a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 8
6
What percentage of right-handed people have their language centers in the left hemisphere of their brain? a. 85% b. 96% c. 73% d. 50%
96%
2. Which neurotransmitter is found in the brainstem, the base of the forebrain, and the basal ganglia and is thought to regulate CNS neuronal activity, especially in alertness, attention, memory, and learning? a. Glutamate b. Acetylcholine c. Dopamine d. Serotonin
Acetylcholine
Which of the following is part of the basal ganglia? a. Caudate nucleus b. Globus pallidus c. Putamen d. All of the above
All of the above
What term is associated with the fact that neurons either fire or do not fire, like flipping a light switch? a. Polarization b. All-or-none principle c. Absolute refractory period d. Relative refractory period
All-or-none principle
Which cerebral cortex area is associated with reading and math abilities? a. Primary sensory cortex b. Somatosensory association cortex c. Angular gyrus d. Supramarginal gyrus
Angular Gyrus
Which of the following is a symptom of cerebellar damage? (can be more than one) a. Ataxia b. Intention tremor c. Dysmetria d. Dysdiadochokinesia
Ataxia, Dysmetria and Dysdiadochokinesia
List the cranial nerves
CN I Olfactory CN II Optic* CN III Oculomotor CN IV Trochlear CN V Trigeminal* CN VI Abducens CN VII Facial* CN VIII (vestibulocochlear)* CN IX Glossopharyngeal* CN X Vagus* CN XI Spinal Accessory* CN XII Hypoglossal*
The part of the nervous system that includes the brain and spinal cord is known as what? a. Peripheral nervous system b. Central nervous system c. Autonomic nervous system d. Somatic nervous system
Central Nervous System
Which structure monitors sensory input from a wide array of sensory sources and integrates this feedback into the planning and correction of motor movements? a. Cerebrum b. Cerebellum c. Midbrain d. Medulla
Cerebellum
Which gradient(s) is/are crucial to neuron function? Note: There may be multiple answers that are correct. a. Charge b. Active c. Concentration d. Passive
Charge, Concentration and Passive
The Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination comes from what school of thought? a. Phrenology b. Localization c. Connectionism d. Holism
Connectionism
Which school of thought believes the brain works through a network of interconnected centers? a. Phrenology b. Localization c. Connectionism d. Holism
Connectionism
The fan-shaped sheet of axons between the cerebral cortex and the thalamus is what? a. Internal capsule b. Corona radiata c. External capsule d. Genu
Corona Radiata
What term means slowed movement? a. Bradykinesia b. Akinesia c. Dyskinesia d. Hyperkinesia
Bradykinesia
Which cerebral area is associated with language processing and speech production? a. Wernicke's area b. Somatosensory association cortex c. Broca's area d. Prefrontal Cortex
Broca's area
Which lobe of the brain is responsible for reasoning, planning, and voluntary motor movement? a. Parietal lobe b. Frontal lobe c. Temporal lobe d. Occipital lobe
Frontal lobe
The hills of the cerebral cortex are known as what? a. Gyri b. Sulci c. Fissures d. Lobes
Gyri
Which cranial nerve controls the laryngeal muscles/vocal cords? a. VIII b. IX c. X d. XI
X
Which disorder is a progressive extrapyramidal movement disorder involving degeneration of the substantia nigra and thus the loss of dopaminergic innervation of the striatum? a. Parkinson's disease b. Huntington's disease c. Basal ganglia aphasia d. None of the above
Parkinson's
The part of the nervous system that includes the spinal and cranial nerves is which of the following (pick the best answer)? a. Central nervous system b. Somatic nervous system c. Peripheral nervous system d. Autonomic nervous system
Peripheral Nervous System
Which cerebral cortex area is associated with cognition, personality, decision-making, and social behavior? a. Primary motor cortex b. Broca's area c. Premotor cortex d. Prefrontal cortex
Prefrontal Cortex
Which cerebral cortex area is involved in selecting and planning complex voluntary motor movements of the body? a. Primary motor cortex b. Broca's area c. Premotor cortex d. Prefrontal cortex
Premotor cortex
Which cerebral cortex area activates motor plans for muscles? a. Primary motor cortex b. Primary Sensory Cortex c. Premotor cortex d. Supplementary motor area
Primary motor cortex
Which two structures make up the lenticular nucleus? a. Putamen b. Caudate nucleus c. Globus pallidus d. Internal capsule e. Corona radiate
Putamen and Globus Pallidus
The supplementary motor area (SMA) is involved with which of the following functions? a. Language encoding b. Auditory processing c. Language decoding d. Sequencing of motor actions
Sequencing of motor actions
Which structure is involved with selection of actions and impulse control? a. Thalamus b. Subthalamus c. Hypothalamus d. Epithalamus
Subthalamus
The shallow valleys of the cerebral cortex are known as what? a. Gyri b. Sulci c. Fissures d. Lobes
Sulci
Which of the following structures are NOT a part of the basal ganglia? a. Caudate nucleus b. Globus pallidus c. Tectum d. Putamen
Tectum
Which lobe of the brain is responsible for the perception and comprehension of speech? a. Parietal lobe b. Frontal lobe c. Temporal lobe d. Occipital lobe
Temporal Lobe
Which condition involves burning or tingling sensations and possibly hypersensitivity to things that would not normally be painful, such as light touch or temperature change? a. Thalamic pain syndrome b. Dejerine-Roussy syndrome c. Thalamic aphasia d. Huntington's disease
Thalamic pain syndrome Dejerine-Roussy syndrome
What acts as a relay station for sensory fibers? a. Hypothalamus b. Thalamus c. Basal Ganglia d. Cerebral Hemispheres
Thalamus
Which of the following structures has been traditionally viewed as a sensory fiber relay station or switchboard between the cerebral cortex and subcortical areas? a. Hypothalamus b. Epithalamus c. Subthalamus d. Thalamus
Thalamus
Which structure functions as a relay station? a. Thalamus b. Subthalamus c. Hypothalamus d. Epithalamus
Thalamus
Rhythmic shaking is known as what? a. Tremors b. Dystonia c. Chorea d. Athetosis
Tremors
The prehistoric practice of creating a hole in the skull is known as what? a. Trephination b. Phrenology c. Cranioscopy d. Hemiplegia
Trephination
Dystonia is the term used to describe distorted postures of the body and head. a. True b. False
True
Neurons operate on an all-or-none principle, meaning that a certain threshold must be met before the neuron fires. a. True b. False
True
The cingulate cortex has filter and focus functions, meaning that it helps us eliminate irrelevant information and focus on useful information. a. True b. False
True
The occurrence of thalamic aphasia suggests that subcortical structures, such as the thalamus, along with the cerebral cortex play an important role in language. a. True b. False
True
The term somatosensory system refers to the body's sensory system. a. True b. False
True
22. Which cranial nerve is responsible for hearing? a. V b. VI c. VII d. VIII
VIII
Which cerebral area is associated with attaching meaning to auditory information, helping us understand what is said to us? a. Wernicke's area b. Somatosensory association cortex c. Broca's area d. Prefrontal Cortex
Wernicke's area
What Structures make up the brainstem? a. Midbrain b. medulla c. pons d. all of the above
all of the above