RADR 1311 Chapter 3 Test

True or false? The term gastro refers to the intestine.

False

True or false? The use of low kVp and high mAs is the ideal combination of exposure factors to reduce patient dose.

False

True or false? Motion of the patient's diaphragm can be stopped by providing proper breathing instructions.

True

True or false? The most common type of involuntary motion in the abdomen is peristalsis.

True

True or false? The pancreas is located posterior to the stomach.

True

A patient enters the ED with a possible ascites. The patient is ambulatory. Which of the following projections of the abdomen will best demonstrate this condition? a. AP erect b. AP supine c. PA prone d. PA erect chest

a. AP erect

A 16-year-old female patient enters the emergency department (ED) with a possible kidney stone. She complains of pain in the right lower pelvis region. Which of the following options should be taken in regard to gonadal shielding? a. Do not use it. b. Use it on all projections if correctly placed. c. Use it on the preliminary projection only. d. Ask the patient or her parents for their permission to not shield the gonads.

a. Do not use it.

Which aspect of the small intestine is considered the shortest? a. Duodenum b. Jejunum c. Cecum d. Ileum

a. Duodenum

A dorsal decubitus abdomen is ordered on a patient. The patient is placed on his back on a cart. The CR will enter the left side of the patient with the patient's right side against the image receptor. What type(s) of marker(s) should be used? a. Right and decubitus markers. b. Left and decubitus markers. c. Write "dorsal decubitus" on image after processing. d. Do not use any right or left markers, only a decubitus.

a. Right and decubitus markers.

Which of the following abdominal regions would contain the right colic (hepatic) flexure? a. Right lateral lumbar b. Right inguinal c. Right hypochondriac d. Epigastric

a. Right lateral lumbar

In which of the four major quadrants of the abdomen would the gallbladder be found? a. Right upper quadrant b. Left upper quadrant c. Right lower quadrant d. Left lower quadrant

a. Right upper quadrant

A radiograph of an anteroposterior (AP) abdomen demonstrates elongation (widening) of the left iliac wing and narrowing of the right iliac wing. Which one of the following positioning errors produced this radiographic outcome? a. Rotation to the left (left posterior oblique) b. Rotation to the right (right posterior oblique) c. CR off center to the left d. Left hip was internally rotated more than right hip

a. Rotation to the left (left posterior oblique)

What is the best method to control involuntary motion during abdominal radiography? a. Short exposure time b. Second breath hold c. Careful breathing instructions to patient d. Use of small focal spot

a. Short exposure time

Which aspect of the large intestine is found between the left and right colic flexures? a. Transverse colon b. Descending colon c. Ascending colon d. Sigmoid colon

a. Transverse colon

The technologist most often _____ manual, analog exposure factors for a patient with severe ascites. a. increases b. does not change c. decreases d. switches to automatic exposure control (AEC) instead of

a. increases

The most inferior positioning landmark on the abdomen/pelvis is the: a. ischial tuberosity. b. symphysis pubis. c. anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS). d. iliac crest.

a. ischial tuberosity.

The preferred imaging modality for examining the gallbladder is: a. sonography. b. nuclear medicine. c. barium enema study. d. MRI.

a. sonography.

At what level should the central ray (CR) be placed for a left lateral decubitus projection of the abdomen? a. Iliac crest b. 2 inches (5 cm) above iliac crest c. ASIS d. Umbilicus

b. 2 inches (5 cm) above iliac crest

What CR centering should be used for a dorsal decubitus projection of the abdomen? a. At level of umbilicus b. 2 inches (5 cm) above iliac crest c. At level of iliac crest d. Place bottom of image receptor at level of ASIS.

b. 2 inches (5 cm) above iliac crest

What type of respiration should be employed during the exposure for the anteroposterior (AP) kidneys, ureter, and bladder (KUB) abdomen projection? a. Inspiration b. Expiration c. Shallow breathing during exposure d. Either inspiration or expiration

b. Expiration

Which of the following topographic landmarks corresponds to L2-3 vertebral level? a. Xiphoid process b. Inferior costal margin c. Jugular notch d. ASIS

b. Inferior costal margin

Where must the CR be centered for an AP supine projection of the abdomen as part of the acute abdominal series? a. 2 inches (5 cm) above iliac crest b. Level of iliac crest c. Level of umbilicus d. Level of axilla

b. Level of iliac crest

The prominent protuberance found on the anterior aspect of the ilium is the: a. ischial tuberosity. b. anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS). c. symphysis pubis. d. iliac crest.

b. anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS).

Which of the following factors must be observed for an AP erect abdomen projection? a. Collimate lower border to level of ASIS. b. Use a higher kVp technique. c. Patient needs to be upright a minimum of 5 minutes before imaging. d. Increase SID to 72 inches (180 cm) to minimize magnification.

c. Patient needs to be upright a minimum of 5 minutes before imaging.

Where is the CR centered for the AP erect projection of the abdomen? a. Level of iliac crest b. Xiphoid process c. 2 inches (5cm) above iliac crest d. 2 inches (5cm) below iliac crest

c. 2 inches (5cm) above iliac crest

Which of the following kVp ranges (digital system) is recommended for a KUB on an adult? a. 50 to 60 kVp b. 70 +/- 5 kVp c. 80 +/- 5 kVp d. 110 to 120 kVp

c. 80 +/- 5 kVp

Why is the left lateral decubitus preferred over the right lateral decubitus abdomen for an acute abdomen series? a. It is more comfortable for the patient. b. Any intraperitoneal air will be visualized along the spleen. c. Any intraperitoneal air will be visualized along the lower liver margin. d. It allows any gas in the large intestine to move toward the liver.

c. Any intraperitoneal air will be visualized along the lower liver margin.

What is another common term for the greater omentum? a. Mesentery b. Adipose layer c. Fatty apron d. Peritoneum

c. Fatty apron

What is the name of the double-walled tissue that lines the abdominopelvic cavity? a. Mesentery b. Omentum c. Peritoneum d. Viscera

c. Peritoneum

Which of the following muscles should be demonstrated on a properly exposed abdomen projection on an average-size patient? a. Latissimus dorsi b. Erector spinae c. Psoas major d. Quadratus lumborum

c. Psoas major

The xiphoid process is at the vertebral level of: a. L2-3. b. T2-3. c. T9-10. d. T5-6.

c. T9-10.

To ensure that the inferior margin of the abdomen is included on a KUB radiograph, the technologist should palpate the: a. iliac crest. b. ASIS. c. greater trochanter. d. inferior costal margin.

c. greater trochanter.

Ileus is the formal term for a. perforated bowel. b. bleeding in the abdomen. c. intestinal obstruction. d. free air in the peritoneal cavity.

c. intestinal obstruction.

In which of the four major quadrants of the abdomen would the cecum be found? a. Right upper quadrant b. Left upper quadrant c. Right lower quadrant d. Left lower quadrant

c. right lower quadrant

Which of the following manual exposure factors would produce the desired qualities for an abdominal projection on an average-sized adult? a. 75 kVp, 400 mA, 1/20 sec, nongrid, 40-inch (102 cm) SID b. 90 kVp, 600 mA, 1/20 sec, grid, 40-inch (102 cm) SID c. 75 kVp, 400 mA, 1/15 sec, grid, 60-inch (153 cm) SID d. 75 kVp, 600 mA, 1/30 sec, grid, 40-inch (102 cm) SID

d. 75 kVp, 600 mA, 1/30 sec, grid, 40-inch (102 cm) SID

Which of the following clinical indications would suggest the need for a dorsal decubitus abdomen position? a. Aneurysms b. Umbilical hernias c. Calcification of the aorta d. All of the options

d. All of the options

Which term describes an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity of the abdomen? a. Adynamic ileus b. Volvulus c. Intussusception d. Ascites

d. Ascites

A patient comes to radiology with a clinical history of an umbilical hernia. Which one of the following abdomen projections would best demonstrate it? a. AP erect abdomen b. Left lateral decubitus c. KUB d. Dorsal decubitus

d. Dorsal decubitus

The iliac crest corresponds with the _____ vertebral level. a. L1 b. L2-3 c. T12 d. L4-5

d. L4-5

A patient comes to radiology with possible bleeding within the abdomen. The patient is unable to stand or sit for any projections. Which of the following projections would be most effective in demonstrating fluid within the abdomen for this patient? a. AP KUB b. AP supine chest c. Right lateral dorsal decubitus d. Left lateral decubitus

d. Left lateral decubitus

A patient is in the intensive care unit after abdominal surgery. The surgeon is concerned about a possible perforated bowel. The patient cannot stand or sit. Which of the following positions will best demonstrate any possible intra-abdominal free air? a. Right lateral decubitus b. Dorsal decubitus c. Ventral decubitus d. Left lateral decubitus

d. Left lateral decubitus

Which of the following solid organs is the largest in the abdomen? a. Spleen b. Kidneys c. Pancreas d. Liver

d. Liver

A radiograph of an AP KUB reveals that the obturator foramina are cut off from the bottom of the image. The kidneys and symphysis pubis are demonstrated. What centering adjustments should the technologist make to improve this image? a. Use two 14- x 17-inch (35- x 42-cm) cassettes landscape. b. Center the cassette 2 inches (5 cm) below the iliac crest. c. Open up the collimators to include the ischial tuberosities. d. This radiograph is correctly centered. No centering adjustments are necessary.

d. This radiograph is correctly centered. No centering adjustments are necessary.

To ensure that the diaphragm is included on the erect abdomen projection, the top of the image receptor should be at the approximate level of the: a. inferior costal margin. b. jugular notch. c. xiphoid process. d. axilla.

d. axilla.