Review Two Test: Skeletal System
Which of the following is why osteopenia occurs starting between the ages of 30-40 ? a. Kidney filtration begins to slow, therefore less Vitamin D3 is absorbed b. Osteoclastic activity slows and osteoblastic activity increases c. Osteoblastic activity slows and osteoclastic activity increases d. Calcium salts are absent after the age of 25
osteoblastic activity slows and osteoclastic activity increases
Which of the following is found only in compact bone? a. osteons b. marrow c. osteoblasts d. canaliculi e. trabeculae
osteons
Osseous tissue is classified as which of the following? a. epithelial tissue b. striated muscle tissue c. neural tissue d. nonstriated muscle tissue e. connective tissue
connective tissue
________ is a movement that occurs in the anterior-posterior plane and increases the angle between the articulating bones. a. Flexion b. Elevation c. Eversion d. Extension e. Reposition
extension
Ribs that have no connection to the sternum are called ________. a. vertebrosternal ribs b. false ribs c. true ribs d. vertebrochondral ribs e. floating ribs
floating ribs
Cracks or breaks in your bones that result from extreme stress are considered to be _________. a. strains b. fissures c. craters d. fractures
fractures
Narrow sheets of calcified matrix are referred to as a. central canals. b. osteoclasts. c. osteons. d. canaliculi. e. lamellae.
lamellae
The bone that makes up the lower jaw is the a. maxillary. b. cribriform plate. c. mandible. d. temporal. e. zygomatic.
mandible
The most inferior portion of the sternum is called the a. body. b. sternal angle. c. manubrium. d. sternal groove. e. xiphoid process.
xiphoid process
Skeletal bones store lipids as energy reserves in ares of a. yellow marrow b. the ground substance. c. the matrix of bone tissue. d. red marrow.
yellow marrow
True ribs are directly connected to the sternum by ________. a. articular cartilages b. costal facets c. costal cartilages d. costal ligaments e. sternal ligaments
costal cartilages
The shaft of a long bone is called the ________. a. epiphysis b. trabecula c. canaliculus d. diaphysis e. lamella
diaphysis
Tarsal bones are classified as ________ bones. a. short b. long c. sesamoid d. flat e. irregular
short
Which joint permits the greatest range of motion of any joint in the body? a. hip b. knee c. shoulder d. elbow e. ankle
shoulder
Spongy bone is made up of a network of bony rods or plates called a. perforating canals. b. osteons. c. canaliculi. d. lamellae. e. trabeculae.
trabeculae
Most bones are formed through enochondral ossification. True False
true
Ribs that are connected to the sternum by separate cartilaginous extensions are called ________ ribs. a. sternal b. floating c. vertebrochondral d. false e. true
true
The thumb and big toe differ from the other fingers/toes because they only have 2 phalanges instead of 3. True False
true
The function of synovial fluid is a. to nourish chondrocytes. b. to absorb shock. c. to provide lubrication d. a, b, and c are correct.
a, b, and c are correct
___________ makes up 2/3 of the weight of the bones in the skeletal system. a. Calcium phosphate b. Vitamin D c. Water d. Bone marrow
calcium phosphate
Small channels, called ________, radiate through the matrix of bone. a. Haversian canals b. perforating canals c. lacunae d. canaliculi e. lamellae
canaliculi
The bones of the wrist form the ________. a. manus b. os coxae c. brachium d. carpus e. tarsus
carpus
3/4 of the skeleton in young adults are recycled each year. True False
false
Humans have ________ pairs of ribs. a. 2 b. 10 c. 12 d. 6 e. 24
12
How many bones does an adult skeleton have? a. 260 b. 226 c. 206 d. 216
206
he average age of epiphyseal closure, causing your bones to stop growing is? a. 30 b. 18 c. 25 d. 20
25
Skull bones are joined by tight connections called a. gomphoses. b. syndesmoses. c. sutures. d. symphyses. e. synchondroses.
sutures
The primary curves of the vertebral column are the a. cervical and thoracic. b. thoracic and sacral. c. cervical and sacral. d. thoracic and lumbar. e. cervical and lumbar.
thoracic and sacral
Rickets is a condition marked by a softening and bending of bones that occurs in growing children, as a result of ________ deficiency. a. vitamin A b. vitamin D3 c. thyroid hormone d. vitamin C e. growth hormone
vitamin d3
Typical movements at a hinge joint include a. extension and gliding. b. extension and flexion. c. flexion and rotation. d. rotation and inversion. e. gliding and pronation.
extension and flexion
The connective tissue covering the outer surface of a bone is (the) a. matrix. b. endosteum. c. periosteum. d. osteon. e. articular cartilage.
periosteum
Which of the following is part of the axial skeleton? a. carpal bones b. patella c. ribs d. clavicle e. coxal bones
ribs
An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is termed a. kyphosis. b. scoliosis. c. lordosis. d. gomphosis. e. cyanosis.
scoliosis
The vertebral arches contribute structurally to surround and protect the a. ribs. b. spinal cord. c. cranial nerves. d. vertebrae. e. spinal nerves.
spinal cord
Which of the following is part of the appendicular skeleton? a. the manubrium b. the sternum c. the scapula d. the skull e. the vertebrae
the scapula
The vertebral column contains ________ cervical vertebrae. a. 7 b. 5 c. 12 d. 31 e. 4
7
The process of depositing calcium salts into a tissue other than bone is called ________. a. resorption b. calcification c. osteolysis d. remodeling e. ossification
calcification
The bones of the limbs are classified as a. long bones. b. irregular bones. c. flat bones. d. short bones. e. sesamoid bones.
long bones
The interosseous membrane stabilize the positions of which bones? a. pelvis; femur b. ulna; radius c. carpals; metacarpals d. humerus; scapula
ulna; radius
Which joint type can perform rotation movements? a. saddle b. ellipsoidal c. ball-and-socket d. hinge e. condyloid
ball-and-socket
Red bone marrow functions in the formation of a. osteocytes. b. adipose tissue. c. blood cells. d. osteoblasts. e. new bone
blood cells
The atlas is classified as a ________ vertebra. a. sacral b. coccygeal c. cervical d. thoracic e. lumbar
cervical
Which of the following in not considered a general description of bone markings? a. depressions b. openings c. closures d. elevations and projections
closures
Compared with the male pelvis, the female pelvis has a a. relatively broad, high pelvis. b. smaller pelvic outlet c. narrower pubic angle. d. relatively narrow, high pelvis. e. larger pelvic outlet.
larger pelvic outlet
The hyoid bone a. contributes to the nasal septum. b. provides a site for the attachment of muscles that rotate or extend the head. c. marks the point of articulation with the lower jaw. d. is the attachment point for the temporalis muscle. e. serves as a base for muscles associated with the larynx, tongue, and pharynx.
serves as a base for muscles associated with the larynx, tongue, and pharynx
In the skeletal system, compact bone is usually located a. where stresses arrive from many directions. b. where stresses come from a limited range of directions. c. in direct contact with articular cartilages. d. where bones are not heavily stressed. e. only in a narrow ring around the diaphysis of long bones.
where stresses come from a limited range of directions
A movement away from the longitudinal axis of the body in the frontal plane is a. abduction. b. rotation. c. adduction. d. extension. e. flexion.
abduction
The patella a. is made of cartilage in the tendon of the biceps femoris. b. is normally on the lateral aspect of the knee joint. c. forms part of a ball-and-socket joint. d. articulates with the tibia and fibula. e. glides over the smooth anterior surface, between the lateral and medial condyles.
glides over the smooth anterior surface, between the lateral and medial condyles
Which of the following is not considered a type of synovial movement? a. irregular b. gliding c. angular d. rotational
irregular
Osteocytes a. are immature bone cells. b. secrete acids and enzymes. c. are the cells responsible for the production of new bone. d. maintain normal bone structure by recycling the calcium salts in the bony matrix around themselves. e. are giant cells with 50 or more nuclei.
maintain normal bone structure by recycling the calcium salts in the bony matrix around themselves.
Bone-forming cells are called ________. a. osteocytes b. osteoclasts c. osteons d. ossification centers e. osteoblasts
osteoblasts
One role of the fontanels is to a. serve as ossification centers for the facial bones. b. serve as the final bony plates of the skull. c. lighten the weight of the skull bones. d. enclose the vertebral column. e. allow for the change in shape of the skull during childbirth.
allow for the change in shape of the skull during childbirth
The organic component of the matrix, which makes up around one-third of the mass of bone, is dominated by a. calcium phosphate. b. collagen fibers. c. calcium carbonate. d. dendritic fibers. e. calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate.
collagen fibers
Regulatory functions of the skeletal system include a. facilitating transmission of nerve impulses. b. absorbing the shock of unexpected rapid body movements. c. contracting muscles. d. cushioning abdominal organs such as the kidneys. e. maintaining the normal concentrations of calcium and phosphate ions in body fluids.
maintaining the normal concentrations of calcium and phosphate ions in body fluids
The two types of bone (osseous tissue) are a. compact bone and spongy bone. b. dense bone and compact bone. c. spongy bone and cancellous bone. d. a, b, and c, are correct
compact bone and spongy bone
Which of the following is not a structural classification of joints a. Fibrous b. Elastic c. Cartilaginous d. Synovial
elastic
Which of the following is an example of the skeletal system's primary function of providing structural support? a. The skull encloses the brain. b. Calcium salts are found in bone. c. Bones change the magnitude and direction of the forces generated by skeletal muscles. d. Red marrow fills the internal cavities of many bones. e. Individual bones provide a framework for the attachment of soft tissues and organs.
Individual bones provide a framework for the attachment of soft tissues and organs.
When the diameter of the bone increases as the bone elogates is known as _______. a. appositional growth b. calcification c. enochondral ossification d. intramembranous ossification
appositional growth
The presence of ________ strongly indicates that the long bone is still growing. a. an epiphysis b. an epiphyseal plate c. an epiphyseal line d. trabeculae e. an articular cartilage
an epiphyseal plate