Review Two Test: Skeletal System

Which of the following is why osteopenia occurs starting between the ages of 30-40 ? a. Kidney filtration begins to slow, therefore less Vitamin D3 is absorbed b. Osteoclastic activity slows and osteoblastic activity increases c. Osteoblastic activity slows and osteoclastic activity increases d. Calcium salts are absent after the age of 25

osteoblastic activity slows and osteoclastic activity increases

Which of the following is found only in compact bone? a. osteons b. marrow c. osteoblasts d. canaliculi e. trabeculae

osteons

Osseous tissue is classified as which of the following? a. epithelial tissue b. striated muscle tissue c. neural tissue d. nonstriated muscle tissue e. connective tissue

connective tissue

________ is a movement that occurs in the anterior-posterior plane and increases the angle between the articulating bones. a. Flexion b. Elevation c. Eversion d. Extension e. Reposition

extension

Ribs that have no connection to the sternum are called ________. a. vertebrosternal ribs b. false ribs c. true ribs d. vertebrochondral ribs e. floating ribs

floating ribs

Cracks or breaks in your bones that result from extreme stress are considered to be _________. a. strains b. fissures c. craters d. fractures

fractures

Narrow sheets of calcified matrix are referred to as a. central canals. b. osteoclasts. c. osteons. d. canaliculi. e. lamellae.

lamellae

The bone that makes up the lower jaw is the a. maxillary. b. cribriform plate. c. mandible. d. temporal. e. zygomatic.

mandible

The most inferior portion of the sternum is called the a. body. b. sternal angle. c. manubrium. d. sternal groove. e. xiphoid process.

xiphoid process

Skeletal bones store lipids as energy reserves in ares of a. yellow marrow b. the ground substance. c. the matrix of bone tissue. d. red marrow.

yellow marrow

True ribs are directly connected to the sternum by ________. a. articular cartilages b. costal facets c. costal cartilages d. costal ligaments e. sternal ligaments

costal cartilages

The shaft of a long bone is called the ________. a. epiphysis b. trabecula c. canaliculus d. diaphysis e. lamella

diaphysis

Tarsal bones are classified as ________ bones. a. short b. long c. sesamoid d. flat e. irregular

short

Which joint permits the greatest range of motion of any joint in the body? a. hip b. knee c. shoulder d. elbow e. ankle

shoulder

Spongy bone is made up of a network of bony rods or plates called a. perforating canals. b. osteons. c. canaliculi. d. lamellae. e. trabeculae.

trabeculae

Most bones are formed through enochondral ossification. True False

true

Ribs that are connected to the sternum by separate cartilaginous extensions are called ________ ribs. a. sternal b. floating c. vertebrochondral d. false e. true

true

The thumb and big toe differ from the other fingers/toes because they only have 2 phalanges instead of 3. True False

true

The function of synovial fluid is a. to nourish chondrocytes. b. to absorb shock. c. to provide lubrication d. a, b, and c are correct.

a, b, and c are correct

___________ makes up 2/3 of the weight of the bones in the skeletal system. a. Calcium phosphate b. Vitamin D c. Water d. Bone marrow

calcium phosphate

Small channels, called ________, radiate through the matrix of bone. a. Haversian canals b. perforating canals c. lacunae d. canaliculi e. lamellae

canaliculi

The bones of the wrist form the ________. a. manus b. os coxae c. brachium d. carpus e. tarsus

carpus

3/4 of the skeleton in young adults are recycled each year. True False

false

Humans have ________ pairs of ribs. a. 2 b. 10 c. 12 d. 6 e. 24

12

How many bones does an adult skeleton have? a. 260 b. 226 c. 206 d. 216

206

he average age of epiphyseal closure, causing your bones to stop growing is? a. 30 b. 18 c. 25 d. 20

25

Skull bones are joined by tight connections called a. gomphoses. b. syndesmoses. c. sutures. d. symphyses. e. synchondroses.

sutures

The primary curves of the vertebral column are the a. cervical and thoracic. b. thoracic and sacral. c. cervical and sacral. d. thoracic and lumbar. e. cervical and lumbar.

thoracic and sacral

Rickets is a condition marked by a softening and bending of bones that occurs in growing children, as a result of ________ deficiency. a. vitamin A b. vitamin D3 c. thyroid hormone d. vitamin C e. growth hormone

vitamin d3

Typical movements at a hinge joint include a. extension and gliding. b. extension and flexion. c. flexion and rotation. d. rotation and inversion. e. gliding and pronation.

extension and flexion

The connective tissue covering the outer surface of a bone is (the) a. matrix. b. endosteum. c. periosteum. d. osteon. e. articular cartilage.

periosteum

Which of the following is part of the axial skeleton? a. carpal bones b. patella c. ribs d. clavicle e. coxal bones

ribs

An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is termed a. kyphosis. b. scoliosis. c. lordosis. d. gomphosis. e. cyanosis.

scoliosis

The vertebral arches contribute structurally to surround and protect the a. ribs. b. spinal cord. c. cranial nerves. d. vertebrae. e. spinal nerves.

spinal cord

Which of the following is part of the appendicular skeleton? a. the manubrium b. the sternum c. the scapula d. the skull e. the vertebrae

the scapula

The vertebral column contains ________ cervical vertebrae. a. 7 b. 5 c. 12 d. 31 e. 4

7

The process of depositing calcium salts into a tissue other than bone is called ________. a. resorption b. calcification c. osteolysis d. remodeling e. ossification

calcification

The bones of the limbs are classified as a. long bones. b. irregular bones. c. flat bones. d. short bones. e. sesamoid bones.

long bones

The interosseous membrane stabilize the positions of which bones? a. pelvis; femur b. ulna; radius c. carpals; metacarpals d. humerus; scapula

ulna; radius

Which joint type can perform rotation movements? a. saddle b. ellipsoidal c. ball-and-socket d. hinge e. condyloid

ball-and-socket

Red bone marrow functions in the formation of a. osteocytes. b. adipose tissue. c. blood cells. d. osteoblasts. e. new bone

blood cells

The atlas is classified as a ________ vertebra. a. sacral b. coccygeal c. cervical d. thoracic e. lumbar

cervical

Which of the following in not considered a general description of bone markings? a. depressions b. openings c. closures d. elevations and projections

closures

Compared with the male pelvis, the female pelvis has a a. relatively broad, high pelvis. b. smaller pelvic outlet c. narrower pubic angle. d. relatively narrow, high pelvis. e. larger pelvic outlet.

larger pelvic outlet

The hyoid bone a. contributes to the nasal septum. b. provides a site for the attachment of muscles that rotate or extend the head. c. marks the point of articulation with the lower jaw. d. is the attachment point for the temporalis muscle. e. serves as a base for muscles associated with the larynx, tongue, and pharynx.

serves as a base for muscles associated with the larynx, tongue, and pharynx

In the skeletal system, compact bone is usually located a. where stresses arrive from many directions. b. where stresses come from a limited range of directions. c. in direct contact with articular cartilages. d. where bones are not heavily stressed. e. only in a narrow ring around the diaphysis of long bones.

where stresses come from a limited range of directions

A movement away from the longitudinal axis of the body in the frontal plane is a. abduction. b. rotation. c. adduction. d. extension. e. flexion.

abduction

The patella a. is made of cartilage in the tendon of the biceps femoris. b. is normally on the lateral aspect of the knee joint. c. forms part of a ball-and-socket joint. d. articulates with the tibia and fibula. e. glides over the smooth anterior surface, between the lateral and medial condyles.

glides over the smooth anterior surface, between the lateral and medial condyles

Which of the following is not considered a type of synovial movement? a. irregular b. gliding c. angular d. rotational

irregular

Osteocytes a. are immature bone cells. b. secrete acids and enzymes. c. are the cells responsible for the production of new bone. d. maintain normal bone structure by recycling the calcium salts in the bony matrix around themselves. e. are giant cells with 50 or more nuclei.

maintain normal bone structure by recycling the calcium salts in the bony matrix around themselves.

Bone-forming cells are called ________. a. osteocytes b. osteoclasts c. osteons d. ossification centers e. osteoblasts

osteoblasts

One role of the fontanels is to a. serve as ossification centers for the facial bones. b. serve as the final bony plates of the skull. c. lighten the weight of the skull bones. d. enclose the vertebral column. e. allow for the change in shape of the skull during childbirth.

allow for the change in shape of the skull during childbirth

The organic component of the matrix, which makes up around one-third of the mass of bone, is dominated by a. calcium phosphate. b. collagen fibers. c. calcium carbonate. d. dendritic fibers. e. calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate.

collagen fibers

Regulatory functions of the skeletal system include a. facilitating transmission of nerve impulses. b. absorbing the shock of unexpected rapid body movements. c. contracting muscles. d. cushioning abdominal organs such as the kidneys. e. maintaining the normal concentrations of calcium and phosphate ions in body fluids.

maintaining the normal concentrations of calcium and phosphate ions in body fluids

The two types of bone (osseous tissue) are a. compact bone and spongy bone. b. dense bone and compact bone. c. spongy bone and cancellous bone. d. a, b, and c, are correct

compact bone and spongy bone

Which of the following is not a structural classification of joints a. Fibrous b. Elastic c. Cartilaginous d. Synovial

elastic

Which of the following is an example of the skeletal system's primary function of providing structural support? a. The skull encloses the brain. b. Calcium salts are found in bone. c. Bones change the magnitude and direction of the forces generated by skeletal muscles. d. Red marrow fills the internal cavities of many bones. e. Individual bones provide a framework for the attachment of soft tissues and organs.

Individual bones provide a framework for the attachment of soft tissues and organs.

When the diameter of the bone increases as the bone elogates is known as _______. a. appositional growth b. calcification c. enochondral ossification d. intramembranous ossification

appositional growth

The presence of ________ strongly indicates that the long bone is still growing. a. an epiphysis b. an epiphyseal plate c. an epiphyseal line d. trabeculae e. an articular cartilage

an epiphyseal plate