RST 100 Chapter 2

Preparation (Play Theory)

Practice for adult life. Exp. Children playing house or doctor. The critique of this theory is that it doesn't explain adult play.

Catharsis (Play Theory)

Letting off emotional steam. Exp. working out on a punching bag after an argument. This theory has intuitive appeal, yet aggressive behavior often increasing aggressive behavior.

Psychoanalytic (Play Theory)

Mastering disturbing events or thoughts. Exp A child yelling at her stuffed animals after a scolding from a parent. The critique: Initiated the practice of careful observation of play; play therapy.

Competence-effectance

Having an effect on things. Exp. Making snow angels in the backyard. Critique this requires more research testing

Relaxation (Play Theory)

Recuperation. Exp. Playing solitaire as a study break. Problem with theory is that it doesn't explain play that is similar to work.

Arousal seeking (Play Theory)

Seeking optimal stimulation. Bored student counting a professor's mannerisms in class. Critique: Has more research support.

Ritual

any customarily repeated act exp holiday

Extrinsic Meaning

doing something for another reason, such as for status or reward.

Leisure satisfaction

gratification and contentment with one's leisure experiences and opportunities

Decorum

socially useful behavior. it is practiced because it enhances an interaction. exp all the rules in golf.

Surplus Energy (Play Theory p.38)

(One of the eight play theories) Burning up excess physical energy. For example, children chasing each other around the play-ground. The shortcoming with this theory is it helps justify the role of physical play for problems youth; doesn't explain nonphysical play.

Intrinsic Meaning (Intrinsic Reward)

-comes from doing something for its own reason -Having fun...experiencing something for its own sake, for the joy and personal fulfillment of it

Ideal (pure) Leisure

-when ones state of mind feels free -that also requires that you feel freedom from external control -there is an intrinsic reward

Behavioristic (Play Theory)

A response to a pleasurable stimulus. Exp. Playing basketball after your team won the tournament. The problem with this theory is that it overlooks the role of individual differences, yet has boosted play as appropriate to study.

State of Mind Six

A state of mind in the pure job category is completely opposite of pure leisure. It is an activity engaged in by necessity and under constraints. There is no reward in and of itself but only through a payoff resulting from it. exp working a job just for the money.

Eudaimonia

Aristotle's idea of happiness; doing good things. Unlike today's common understanding of happiness as an inner good feeling, Aristotle's meant something else. It was not determined by positive feelings but rather by good actions.

State of Mind Four (Neulinger...)

The fourth through sixth states of mind are considered nonleisure. That is, without freedom of choice, we can't have leisure. Thus, the fourth state of mind is not considered to be leisure because even though it is done for intrinsic reasons, it is under perceived constraints. This is called pure work.

State of Mind Five

This is work-job, namely, activities engaged in under constraints and having both intrinsic and extrinsic rewards. The typical employment situation may match this state of mind. For example, in on study, the staff of a large municipal recreation and park department rated their jobs as highly meaningful and personally satisfying, but that they would quit if given the financial opportunity.

State of Mind Two (Neulinger...)

This leisure situation explains a wide range of experiences, all of which are freely chosen yet both extrinsically and intrinsically rewarding. For example, perhaps you are refinishing a piece of antique furniture because you want to; it not only provides you with a creative feeling, but also the result will look nice in your house. This is also referred to as leisure-work.

State of Mind Three (Neulinger...)

This situation is leisure-job according to Neulinger. It explains a type of leisure you engage in without coercion, but the satisfaction comes only from external payoffs. For some, playing cards for money (when they don't need the money) might fit this state of mind. This experience is leisure because of perceived freedom to pursue it, but it is like a job in that it is only extrinsically rewarding.

Sensory Pleasure

pleasure form direct stimulation of the senses. exp eating listening to music, having sex, and playing sports. They are seen as pleasurable because they directly stimulate our senses.

Intellectual Pleasure

pleasure from thinking. exp. fantasizing, daydreaming, solving puzzles, and even studying.

Expressive Pleasure

pleasures from creativity. As a result of an experience, something is produced, and this gives us pleasure. exp creating rap (expressive) listening to rap (sensory)

State of Mind One (Neulinger's Leisure States of Mind)

the purest form of leisure, an expression freely chosen for its own sake. That is, pure leisure requires freedom from external control and brings intrinsic rewards. Thus, a particular pastime can be explained as the highest form of leisure if both of these ingredients are present in your state of mind. This is also referred to as pure leisure.

Serious Leisure

the substantial and systematic pursuit of a pastime. there is a high standard of performance effort participation for the experience of it (intrinsic motivation) a set of values, resources, and schedules constructed around the activity. involvement in groups engaged in the same activity self-identification with the activity (durable benefits need to persevere

Sight Sacralization

when a tourist site is considered sacred because of social, historical, or cultural reasons it represents something morally good.