SCI 1102 FINAL EXAM

Pataasin ang iyong marka sa homework at exams ngayon gamit ang Quizwiz!

A child named Emma in Uganda has a large abdomen and reddish hair that used to be black, suggesting that Emma probably ________.

suffers from kwashiorkor

Most developed countries have _____ populations while most developing nations have _____ populations.

"older", "younger"

According to the 2019 World Population Prospects report from the United Nations, the global population using the midpoint of the medium-variant projection is projected to be approximately _____ in 2050 and _____ in 2100.

10 billion, 11 billion

Approximately how many years would it take a population growing at 10% to double in size?

10 years

Roughly how long ago did full-time agriculture develop?

10,000

Which area on the map is experiencing the highest population growth rate?

C

According to the textbook, which of the following should lead to an increase in fertility?

Decreasing affluence

In the UN population projection for 2100, the 95% prediction interval for the number of global births is about ______ than the 95% prediction interval for the number of global dea

7 times larger

The current size of the human population is closest to

8 billion

Population projections for Europe and North America in 2100 have larger 95% prediction intervals for births than projections for Sub-Saharan Africa.

False

Reference the provided image of three (A, B, and C) population pyramids. Which is most representative of a population that is expected to show meaningful decreases in population in the near future?

Pyramid C

In the Future of Food videos, which of the following was not mentioned as a benefit of vertical farms versus conventional farms?

Reduced energy costs from the use of reflected sunlight into growing spaces

Desertification is of particular concern in _____ environments.

arid

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is used in agricultural settings

as a biocontrol mechanism for caterpillars and other insects.

Zero population growth occurs in a population when ________.

birth rate equals death rate, and there is no migration

Light of the wavelengths of which two colors are the most important in photosynthesis for plant growth?

blue and red

In the Future of Food videos, it was shown that the air in the profiled vertical farm is enriched with _____ to promote plant growth.

carbon dioxide gas

According to your textbook, increasing affluence tends to _____ a nation's total fertility rate and _____ the individual environmental impact of each citizen of that nation.

decrease, increase

What did Nobel prize winning scientist Normal Borlaug do to win his award?

developed strains of wheat that produced high yields in tropical areas

The Growing Higher article describes how "seed" potatoes would benefit from being grown in a vertical farm to protect them from

diseases & pests of potatoes

According to the 2019 World Population Prospects report from the United Nations, in 2010-2020 which of the regions listed below was comprised of nations that predominantly had a positive rate of natural increase and a positive rate for net international migration?

Eastern and South-Eastern Asia

According to the 2019 World Population Prospects report from the United Nations, in 2019 _____ had the highest proportion of its population aged 65 or older compared to other world regions.

Europe & North America

Using the findings of the UN report describing changes in crop yields between 2019 and 2050, identify the region below that would likely see an increase in crop yields in 2050 from yields in 2019

Europe & Russia

According to your textbook, all nations will eventually complete the profiled demographic transition, it is simply a question of WHEN each nation will complete all the stages in the transition.

False

The vertical farm profiled in the Growing Higher article obtains its irrigation water from

collected rainwater

Plowing steep land perpendicularly across the hillside (as opposed to vertically) to prevent the formation of rills and gullies from water flowing down the hill best describes

contour plowing

According to the 2019 World Population Prospects report from the United Nations, the average rate of annual change in population for the 47 least-developed nations is projected to _____ between 2019 and 2050.

decrease

According to the 2019 World Population Prospects report from the United Nations, the percentage of the population of world regions that is below age 25 is expected to _____ from 2019 to 2100.

decrease

According to the 2019 World Population Prospects report from the United Nations, the number of live births per woman across all regions _____ from 1950 to 2109, and is projected to _____ from 2019 to 2100.

decreased, further decrease

The _____ describes when a population's group of working-age individuals is growing faster than other age groups, and this abundance of workers can yield future opportunities for economic growth.

demographic dividend

Per capita meat consumption has ________ since 1950.

doubled

According to the text, one downside of no-till agriculture is that it often requires

elevated use of chemical herbicides to control weeds

According to the textbook, the overall diversity of the human diet is higher today than it was 3,000 years ago.

false

Overnutrition is more pronounced today in developing nations than in developed nations.

false

The ability to secure nutritious, affordable food on a daily basis best describes

food security

In the Future of Food videos, the compost used to create rich soil on remediated abandoned lot urban farms is shown to be derived from

food waste from grocery stores and restaurants

Most of Earth's fresh water is

frozen as snow and ice in ice caps and glaciers.

Which of the following is defined as transferring genes between species and other laboratory manipulations of an organism's genetic material?

genetic engineering

The human activity that uses the greatest quantity of water worldwide is

growing food and fiber in agriculture.

The amount of fertilizer applied to agricultural lands today is _____ the amount applied 50 years ago due to recent advances in agricultural approaches.

higher than

Meat consumption per person worldwide has _____ in the past five decades.

increased

The production of seafood with aquaculture worldwide has _____ in the past five decades.

increased

According to the 2019 World Population Prospects report from the United Nations, the life expectancy of all regions _____ from 1950 to 2109, and is projected to _____ from 2019 to 2100.

increased, further increase

As a population projection extends further into the future, the size of the projection value's 95% confidence interval typically ______.

increases

A nation currently in the _____ stage of the demographic transition model would have the highest level of uncertainty for projections of population growth among the stages listed below.

industrial stage

As noted in the Future of Food videos, a major difference between Beyond Meat's product and most other meat-substitute products is that Beyond Meat's product

is "raw", like real meat, and so requires cooking.

Leaching ________.

removes water-soluble nutrients from topsoil

Which of the following crops is not well suited for growing in indoor, vertical farms?

rice

The buildup of elevated levels of salts in surface soils in repeatedly-irrigated soils is called

salinization

Based on the information in the figure, you might decide to make changes in your diet to diminish your ecological footprint by ________.

shifting your protein intake from beef and pork to eggs and dairy products

The Growing Higher article states that the profiled vertical farm grows produce at a _____ cost per kilogram as a conventional greenhouse system supplemented with lighting and heating.

similar

________ comprises just over half of all of the world's GM crops.

soybeans

The planting of alternating rows of different crops to maximize ground cover to prevent erosion best describes

strip farming/intercropping

The term demographic transition refers to ________.

the decline in death rates and subsequent decline in birth rates that occur as a country economically develops

In the Future of Food video on urban farming, Ken Dunn (the founder of City Farm) emphasized that the primary goal of their urban farms is to benefit

the local community in which the farms are located

A life-cycle analysis of greenhouse gas emissions by the United Nations cited in the Future of Food video series states that globally livestock produce more greenhouse gas emissions than transportation.

true

According to the textbook, the Green Revolution has had positive effects for the environment by increasing yields per acre in developing regions, thereby enabling food production to increase without destroying wildlife habitat for new farmland.

true

Aquaculture is conducted for freshwater fish and shellfish species, and for marine (saltwater) fish and shellfish species.

true

Which of the following is not a major mechanism of soil erosion?

volcanism

Adding excessive amounts of water to soils and causing plant root death from oxygen deprivation best describes

waterlogging

In the Future of Food videos, insect-specialist Steve Sullivan was interviewed and suggested that bugs would best become part of the human diet if

we incorporate insect ingredients into other foods

As noted in the Future of Food videos, insects efficiently process feed into human food, and are roughly _____ times more efficient than cows in producing a pound of protein

6

As shown in your textbook and other materials, what world region is predicted to increase the most, by a percentage of current population, by the year 2050?

Africa

In the Future of Food videos, it was noted that the amount of land needed to supply the world with crops and livestock was similar to the amount of land in

Africa and South America combined

In which soil horizon do materials leached from upper horizons tend to accumulate?

B horizon

According to your textbook, which nation is projected to have the largest human population in 2050?

India

As shown in your textbook's "Science Behind the Stories" profile on human consumption of Earth's resources, which of the listed nations shows the highest proportion of its net primary productivity being utilized by humans?

India

According to the 2019 World Population Prospects report from the United Nations, the two nations that are projected to add the most people to the global population by 2050 are

India & Nigeria

Which of the following is not one of the factors used in the formula for calculating a society's impact on the environment?

Industrialization

The typical age structure diagram for a developing nation

Is wider at the base than at the top

Erosion from which of the listed states was highest during the Dust Bowl period of the 20th century?

Kansas

An individual who obtains sufficient calories on a daily basis but whose diet lacks essential proteins for an extended period may suffer from the condition known as

Kwashiorkor

In the Future of Food videos, it was shown that the idea for a "vertical farm" originated in a college course when students investigated urban food production in which city?

NYC

In the I = P*A*T formula for calculating a society's impact on the environment, which factor(s) is (are) typically higher in developing nations than in developed nations.

P

Why did the Indonesian government support IPM for agriculture in 1986?

Pesticides were costing money, causing pollution, and decreasing yields.

Using the findings of the UN report describing changes in crop yields between 2019 and 2050, identify the region below that would likely see a decrease in crop yields in 2050 from yields in 2019.

South Asia (India and neighboring nations)

According to the 2019 World Population Prospects report from the United Nations, in 2019 _____ had the highest rate of mortality for children under five years of age compared to other world regions.

Sub-Saharan Africa

According to the 2019 World Population Prospects report from the United Nations, in 2019 _____ had the highest value for potential support ratio compared to other world regions.

Sub-Saharan Africa

According to the 2019 World Population Prospects report from the United Nations, the adolescent birth rate from 2005-2020 was highest in which world region?

Sub-Saharan Africa

According to the 2019 World Population Prospects report from the United Nations, the poorest nations of the world - in which populations in 2019 are projected to double by 2050 - are predominantly located in

Sub-Saharan Africa

For which of the following regions is population momentum projected to contribute the least to population growth from 2019 to 2050?

Sub-Saharan Africa

Of the regions listed below which, according to the 2019 World Population Prospects report from the United Nations, is expected to benefit the most from the potential economic benefits of a demographic dividend from 2019 to 2050?

Sub-Saharan Africa

This individual contended that human population growth would invariably outstrip food production, leading to famine and other social problems.

Thomas Malthus

In which stage of the demographic transition do death rates experience the most rapid decrease?

Transitional stage

Population projections typically have smaller 95% confidence intervals than forecasts of global economic growth across time periods.

True

As shown in your textbook and other materials, what is the third largest nation (by population) today?

US

According to the 2019 World Population Prospects report from the United Nations, rank the regions below according to their projected population in 2019, from largest to smallest.

_2__Sub-Saharan Africa __1__Eastern and South-Eastern Asia __3__Latin America and the Caribbean

The age structure diagram of Canada suggests that its total fertility rate (TFR) is ________.

less than replacement rate

In the Future of Food videos, it was noted how cultural views changed about _____ in North America, making a once-reviled creature a delicacy.

lobsters

According to the 2019 World Population Prospects report from the United Nations, the majority of nations that experienced populations decreases of one percent or more from 2010 to 2019 had a _____ rate of natural increase and a _____ rate of net international migration.

negative, negative

Which of the following chemical elements is needed in sizable quantities by plants and is found in significant quantities in commercial fertilizers?

nitrogen

Uncertainty around the size of the future population of the world is driven mostly by uncertainty about projections of which demographic statistic?

number of births

Adding supplemental nitrogen and phosphorus to promote plant growth in agriculture best describes

nutrient fertilization

According to the 2019 World Population Prospects report from the United Nations, the fastest-growing segment of the global population through 2100 are people aged

over 65

As noted in the Future of Food video series, Beyond Meat creates a meat substitute using primarily protein from which plant?

peas

The acronym "IPM" describes an alternative approach to ____ used in sustainable agriculture.

pest control

If a population continues to grow - even while its mortality rate remains constant and its fertility rate quickly decreases to replacement-level fertility- this population growth is said to be attributed to

population momentum

The O horizon is ________.

primarily composed of organic materials

As noted in the Future of Food videos, insects are an efficient source of _____ for the human diet.

protein

In the Future of Food videos, the light in the vertical farms appears what color due to the use of two differently-colored bulbs in the growing lights?

purple


Kaugnay na mga set ng pag-aaral

Chapter 1: Overview of Insurance Operations

View Set

ECO 3250 Nontariff Barriers to Imports (BOOKS)

View Set

Statistics final exam from professor

View Set

Modul 1 - Lektion 1 Hallo, ich bin Nicole

View Set

Marketing Multiple Choice Practice Questions

View Set

Nacionalidades masculino - femenino

View Set

Letter 'M' : Prefixes, Combining Forms, and Suffixes

View Set

EU - cycle 8 - Free movement of Persons

View Set