SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DURING THE ANCIENT TIMES
Chinese Civilization
People learned the technology of silk production
Babylonians
Their measurements made use of fractions, squares and square roots.
hieroglyphics
Egyptian writing was in the form of pictorial symbols.
Pyramid of Sakkara
Egyptians built this pyramid as Zoser's tomb and memorial
Thales of Miletus
Father of Philosophy, taught that nature was composed of or convertible into water.
Hippocrates
"Father of Greek Medicine" •First to regard medicine as a science apart from religion.
Roman Civilization
introduced the Roman numeral
Greece
•an archipelago in the Southeastern part of Europe.
Egypt
•geographically situated in the North Eastern part of the African continent, a desert country thriving on an agricultural economy.
India
•mainly in the Northwestern regions of South Asia.
Ptolemy
•postulated the geocentric theory of the universe.
Arabia
•rocky peninsula in Southwestern Asia.
Circus Maximus
Chariot races and gladiatorial fights were held at Rome's principal stadium. accommodates 300,000 people
Gunpowder
Chinese invented this naturally magnetic iron ore used to magnetize a floating needle (prototype of the magnetic needle in compass) to indicate location, the use of coal as fuel, water wheel, the wheelbarrow, and the flexible bamboo pole that speedily enchanted the transport of heavy loads, the technology of copper coinage, the artistry of wallpaper and porcelain.
Oracle Bone
Chinese writing which was discovered incised on flat shoulder bones of cattle or on tortoises shells
Roman Civilization
Considered to be the cradle of politics and governance.
Chinese Civilization
Development of calligraphy, water color, painting and block printing were invented.
Arabians
First to manufacture the black powder
Book-keeping
From the Babylonians, it is a simple but adequate system of double-entry accounting.
Hippocrates
He taught that diseases have natural causes and that somehow the human body is capable of healing or repairing itself.
China
It is also known as the middle kingdom, located on the far east of Asia.
Chinese Civilization
It is considered to be the oldest civilization in Asia.
Greece
Known as the birthplace of western philosophy.
materia medica
Sumerian doctors made us of assorted botanical, zoological and mineralogical ingredients as ____________ in their prescriptions.
Chinese Civilization
Tea production was developed.
pseudoscience of alchemy
The Arabs interest in this and encouraged them to mix and manipulate chemical elements and conduct experiments to transform base metals into gold.
Romans
They constructed the Pantheon as one of the world's greatest domed buildings and Colosseum, Rome's stage for individual gladiatorial contest which held 50,000 spectators.
Greeks
They designed various mathematical models and mechanical systems to explain the planetary motions and mechanical systems to explain the planetary positions and movements on geometrical determinations and logical deductions.
Indus-Hindu Civilization
They excelled particularly in medicine and mathematics.
Chinese Civilization
The first movable type printer made form pottery was developed by Pi Sheng.
Arabic Civilization`
The most influential Muslim intellectual contribution to the modern world was their synthesis of the scientific and technological knowledge they learned from and transmitted to the various cultures they encountered.
Chinese Civilization
The use of toilet paper back to the sixth century.
Greeks
Their wise men were the first to systematically separate scientific ideas from superstition and stressed the logical development of general principles or theories about natural phenomena.
Babylonians
They adopted the Sumerian sexagesimal system of counting in units of 60 which served as basis of 360 degree circle and the 60-minute hour.
Indus-Hindu Civilization
They also developed the steps in sine functions, spherical geometry and calculus
Sumerians
They also invented the seed plough to dig the ground where seeds would be planted and sailboat for transportation and trading as well as in fostering culture, information and technology.
Chinese Civilization
They constructed the Great Wall of China and the great palace of the first emperor.
Indus-Hindu Civilization
They introduced the negative and positive quantities, square and cube roots, quadratic equations, mathematical implications of zero and infinity and value of pi up to nine decimal places.
Chinese Civilization
They invented the escapement, the basic device used to regulate clocks.
Arabians
They produced the first gun- a bamboo tube reinforced with iron that used a charge of black powder to shoot an arrow.
Egyptians
They used rope trusses to stiffen the beam of ships.
Arabians
They were the first to use glass lens for magnification
Greek Civilization
Transition from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age
Lighthouse of Alexandria
a port for the ships that traded the goods manufactured in Egypt or imported in Egypt.
Roman government
able to implement major projects such as large churches (cathedrals and basilicas), aqueducts, amphitheaters and even residential houses.
Empedocles
according to him, nature was a mixture of four elements: earth, fire, air and water.
BABYLONIA
ancient region bordering the Tigris and Euphrates rivers ( Southern Iraq)
Anaxagoras
argued that matter was composed of countless tiny particles, each made of dominant substances such as water mixed with other random substances.
"earthquake weathercock"
chinese invention that detects earthquake occurrence
Shang
contributed that includes Øthe creation of magnificent bronze vessels, discovery of lacquer, the development of the horse-drawn war chariots and the first known Chinese writing which was discovered incised on flat shoulder bones of cattle or on tortoises shells called "oracle bone"
SUMERIA
cradle of the earliest known civilization. an ancient region in Southern Mesopotamia/ Southern Iraq
Archimedes
discovered the concept of gravity
waterclock
egyptians calculated the time using this device. it is a conical earthen vessel with hours equally marked off on the inside and spout at the bottom.
IMHOTEP
first 365-day calendar was possibly devised by him.
CITY OF URUK
first true city in the world but also for the way it was erected. intricate system of canals, dikes, wires and reservoirs were constructed by SUMERIAN ENGINEERS used bricks to make houses that protected them from the harsh weather and to build wall around the city to prevent wild animals and neighboring raiders from entering.
WHEELED VEHICLE
greatest mechanical invention of all time made of solid wooden wheels on axles. But not made for transportation but for farm work and food processes.
Ptolemy
he wrote the Almagest, wherein he presented his ideas and summarized those of the earlier Greek astronomers about the universe.
ramp and lever
invented by Egyptians to aid construction processes.
Sumerians
invented potter's wheel
Archimedes
invented the science of hydrostatics- measurement and use of water-power. •made planetarium powered by water to demonstrate the movements of the sun and planets around the stationary earth.
Roman Empire
it was perceived to be the strongest political and social entity in the west.
Babylonians
made an accurate predictions of solar and lunar eclipses and other astronomical phenomena.
Galen
made the first steps for the advancement of the science of anatomy.
Greece
major achievements are in-depth works on philosophy and mathematics.
ZUGGURATS
mountain of god, served as the sacred place of their chief god, where only their priests were allowed to enter
Gazettes
one of the major contributions of the Romans is this newspaper. it contains announcements of the Roman Empire to the people, made metal or stone tablets and then publicly displayed.
Nebuchadnezzar
ordered the construction of the famous "Hanging Gardens of Babylon" and the Isthar Gate.
Archimedes
performed experiments which led him to discover the laws of lever and the pulley.
Aristotle
proved the importance of critical observation and systematic means to identify and classify organisms.
SEXAGESIMAL
standardized measuring using the number 60 as base, system of counting and a form of place notation.
Ancient Egyptians
studies the heavens to record time, calculate distances/directions, forecast the seasons and predict annual flooding of the Nile river.
Indus-Hindu Civilization
the construction layout of its cities which featured water wells ( that piped water supply) bathrooms and waste pipe or drains in nearly every house
Watermills
these were also considered as one of the most important contributions of the Greek civilization to the world. They were commonly used in agricultural processes like milling of grains which was a necessary form of food processing.
apothecaries and acupuncture
these were used to treat illnesses or pain by pricking the patient's body with needles at points believed to be connected with the visceral organs causing the pain.
Chinese
they had one of the most advanced systems of pharmacology- discovery of healing drugs and herbs.
Ancient Egyptians
they have knowledge of human anatomy, physiology and medical plants enabled them to master the art and science of embalming the dead.
Ancient Greeks
they invented the alarm clock- used large complicated mechanisms to time the alarm. They made use of water( or sometimes small stones or sand). That dropped into drums which sounded the alarm.
Thales, Pythagoras, Euclid
they perfected geometry, as a single logical system.
Indian surgeons
they successfully performed various operations like repair of broken limbs, complicated bone setting, amputation, plastic surgery and Caesarian section.
ancient Roman Empire
they were able to produce the first books or codex.
Egyptians
used the calendar that was based on the phases of the moon, consisting of 29 and ½ days.
based on their observations of the regular appearance and disappearance of Sirius
where was the earliest Egyptian calendar was based on which coincide with the annual rise and fall of the Nile river?
CUNEIFORM
world's first writing system a set of word pictures depicted in symbols made of triangular marks
Pantheon
world's greatest domed buildings and Colosseum, Rome's stage for individual gladiatorial contest which held 50,000 spectators.
