SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DURING THE ANCIENT TIMES

Chinese Civilization

People learned the technology of silk production

Babylonians

Their measurements made use of fractions, squares and square roots.

hieroglyphics

Egyptian writing was in the form of pictorial symbols.

Pyramid of Sakkara

Egyptians built this pyramid as Zoser's tomb and memorial

Thales of Miletus

Father of Philosophy, taught that nature was composed of or convertible into water.

Hippocrates

"Father of Greek Medicine" •First to regard medicine as a science apart from religion.

Roman Civilization

introduced the Roman numeral

Greece

•an archipelago in the Southeastern part of Europe.

Egypt

•geographically situated in the North Eastern part of the African continent, a desert country thriving on an agricultural economy.

India

•mainly in the Northwestern regions of South Asia.

Ptolemy

•postulated the geocentric theory of the universe.

Arabia

•rocky peninsula in Southwestern Asia.

Circus Maximus

Chariot races and gladiatorial fights were held at Rome's principal stadium. accommodates 300,000 people

Gunpowder

Chinese invented this naturally magnetic iron ore used to magnetize a floating needle (prototype of the magnetic needle in compass) to indicate location, the use of coal as fuel, water wheel, the wheelbarrow, and the flexible bamboo pole that speedily enchanted the transport of heavy loads, the technology of copper coinage, the artistry of wallpaper and porcelain.

Oracle Bone

Chinese writing which was discovered incised on flat shoulder bones of cattle or on tortoises shells

Roman Civilization

Considered to be the cradle of politics and governance.

Chinese Civilization

Development of calligraphy, water color, painting and block printing were invented.

Arabians

First to manufacture the black powder

Book-keeping

From the Babylonians, it is a simple but adequate system of double-entry accounting.

Hippocrates

He taught that diseases have natural causes and that somehow the human body is capable of healing or repairing itself.

China

It is also known as the middle kingdom, located on the far east of Asia.

Chinese Civilization

It is considered to be the oldest civilization in Asia.

Greece

Known as the birthplace of western philosophy.

materia medica

Sumerian doctors made us of assorted botanical, zoological and mineralogical ingredients as ____________ in their prescriptions.

Chinese Civilization

Tea production was developed.

pseudoscience of alchemy

The Arabs interest in this and encouraged them to mix and manipulate chemical elements and conduct experiments to transform base metals into gold.

Romans

They constructed the Pantheon as one of the world's greatest domed buildings and Colosseum, Rome's stage for individual gladiatorial contest which held 50,000 spectators.

Greeks

They designed various mathematical models and mechanical systems to explain the planetary motions and mechanical systems to explain the planetary positions and movements on geometrical determinations and logical deductions.

Indus-Hindu Civilization

They excelled particularly in medicine and mathematics.

Chinese Civilization

The first movable type printer made form pottery was developed by Pi Sheng.

Arabic Civilization`

The most influential Muslim intellectual contribution to the modern world was their synthesis of the scientific and technological knowledge they learned from and transmitted to the various cultures they encountered.

Chinese Civilization

The use of toilet paper back to the sixth century.

Greeks

Their wise men were the first to systematically separate scientific ideas from superstition and stressed the logical development of general principles or theories about natural phenomena.

Babylonians

They adopted the Sumerian sexagesimal system of counting in units of 60 which served as basis of 360 degree circle and the 60-minute hour.

Indus-Hindu Civilization

They also developed the steps in sine functions, spherical geometry and calculus

Sumerians

They also invented the seed plough to dig the ground where seeds would be planted and sailboat for transportation and trading as well as in fostering culture, information and technology.

Chinese Civilization

They constructed the Great Wall of China and the great palace of the first emperor.

Indus-Hindu Civilization

They introduced the negative and positive quantities, square and cube roots, quadratic equations, mathematical implications of zero and infinity and value of pi up to nine decimal places.

Chinese Civilization

They invented the escapement, the basic device used to regulate clocks.

Arabians

They produced the first gun- a bamboo tube reinforced with iron that used a charge of black powder to shoot an arrow.

Egyptians

They used rope trusses to stiffen the beam of ships.

Arabians

They were the first to use glass lens for magnification

Greek Civilization

Transition from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age

Lighthouse of Alexandria

a port for the ships that traded the goods manufactured in Egypt or imported in Egypt.

Roman government

able to implement major projects such as large churches (cathedrals and basilicas), aqueducts, amphitheaters and even residential houses.

Empedocles

according to him, nature was a mixture of four elements: earth, fire, air and water.

BABYLONIA

ancient region bordering the Tigris and Euphrates rivers ( Southern Iraq)

Anaxagoras

argued that matter was composed of countless tiny particles, each made of dominant substances such as water mixed with other random substances.

"earthquake weathercock"

chinese invention that detects earthquake occurrence

Shang

contributed that includes Øthe creation of magnificent bronze vessels, discovery of lacquer, the development of the horse-drawn war chariots and the first known Chinese writing which was discovered incised on flat shoulder bones of cattle or on tortoises shells called "oracle bone"

SUMERIA

cradle of the earliest known civilization. an ancient region in Southern Mesopotamia/ Southern Iraq

Archimedes

discovered the concept of gravity

waterclock

egyptians calculated the time using this device. it is a conical earthen vessel with hours equally marked off on the inside and spout at the bottom.

IMHOTEP

first 365-day calendar was possibly devised by him.

CITY OF URUK

first true city in the world but also for the way it was erected. intricate system of canals, dikes, wires and reservoirs were constructed by SUMERIAN ENGINEERS used bricks to make houses that protected them from the harsh weather and to build wall around the city to prevent wild animals and neighboring raiders from entering.

WHEELED VEHICLE

greatest mechanical invention of all time made of solid wooden wheels on axles. But not made for transportation but for farm work and food processes.

Ptolemy

he wrote the Almagest, wherein he presented his ideas and summarized those of the earlier Greek astronomers about the universe.

ramp and lever

invented by Egyptians to aid construction processes.

Sumerians

invented potter's wheel

Archimedes

invented the science of hydrostatics- measurement and use of water-power. •made planetarium powered by water to demonstrate the movements of the sun and planets around the stationary earth.

Roman Empire

it was perceived to be the strongest political and social entity in the west.

Babylonians

made an accurate predictions of solar and lunar eclipses and other astronomical phenomena.

Galen

made the first steps for the advancement of the science of anatomy.

Greece

major achievements are in-depth works on philosophy and mathematics.

ZUGGURATS

mountain of god, served as the sacred place of their chief god, where only their priests were allowed to enter

Gazettes

one of the major contributions of the Romans is this newspaper. it contains announcements of the Roman Empire to the people, made metal or stone tablets and then publicly displayed.

Nebuchadnezzar

ordered the construction of the famous "Hanging Gardens of Babylon" and the Isthar Gate.

Archimedes

performed experiments which led him to discover the laws of lever and the pulley.

Aristotle

proved the importance of critical observation and systematic means to identify and classify organisms.

SEXAGESIMAL

standardized measuring using the number 60 as base, system of counting and a form of place notation.

Ancient Egyptians

studies the heavens to record time, calculate distances/directions, forecast the seasons and predict annual flooding of the Nile river.

Indus-Hindu Civilization

the construction layout of its cities which featured water wells ( that piped water supply) bathrooms and waste pipe or drains in nearly every house

Watermills

these were also considered as one of the most important contributions of the Greek civilization to the world. They were commonly used in agricultural processes like milling of grains which was a necessary form of food processing.

apothecaries and acupuncture

these were used to treat illnesses or pain by pricking the patient's body with needles at points believed to be connected with the visceral organs causing the pain.

Chinese

they had one of the most advanced systems of pharmacology- discovery of healing drugs and herbs.

Ancient Egyptians

they have knowledge of human anatomy, physiology and medical plants enabled them to master the art and science of embalming the dead.

Ancient Greeks

they invented the alarm clock- used large complicated mechanisms to time the alarm. They made use of water( or sometimes small stones or sand). That dropped into drums which sounded the alarm.

Thales, Pythagoras, Euclid

they perfected geometry, as a single logical system.

Indian surgeons

they successfully performed various operations like repair of broken limbs, complicated bone setting, amputation, plastic surgery and Caesarian section.

ancient Roman Empire

they were able to produce the first books or codex.

Egyptians

used the calendar that was based on the phases of the moon, consisting of 29 and ½ days.

based on their observations of the regular appearance and disappearance of Sirius

where was the earliest Egyptian calendar was based on which coincide with the annual rise and fall of the Nile river?

CUNEIFORM

world's first writing system a set of word pictures depicted in symbols made of triangular marks

Pantheon

world's greatest domed buildings and Colosseum, Rome's stage for individual gladiatorial contest which held 50,000 spectators.