Science Chp 5
Positive
n can only have ___ whole number values
Aufbau principle
"Building up"; electron cloud is built up by the filling of the lowest energy level first
Sublevel
Energy states grouped closely together to form an energy level
Orbital
Exact point in space where electron cloud exists; each can hold 2 electrons
Electron configuration
Expressing the order in which the electrons fill the electron cloud
Lewis electron dot diagram
The form of notation that shows the outer electrons around the symbol of an element
Plank
Assumed that energy, instead of being given off continuously, is given off in photons or quanta
1 orbital=s^2
1st sublevel=
4 orbitals=s^2 p^6
2nd sublevel=
9 orbitals= s^2 p^6 d^10
3rd sublevel=
Quantum number
4 #s that are used in Schrodinger's description of electron behavior
Quantum #s
4 #s that gave the address of an electron
s, p, d, f, g
5 sublevels
Wave particle duality of nature
All particles have wave properties and all waves have particle properties
Bohr model
An EM wave of a certain frequency has 1 possible wavelength and 1 possible amt of energy; each line represents 1 frequency of light; bc the velocity of light is constant, each frequency = certain energy; this energy is determined by the movement of electrons b/w energy levels
Born
Applied schrodinger's equation to energy levels and predicted the address of the electron
Einstein's relationship b/w matter and energy and plank's quantum theory
Broglie used ___ and ___ to develop his equation for wavelength of a particle
Lambda= h/ mv
Broglie's equation for the wavelength of a particle
Newtonian mechanics
Classical mechanics, describes the behavior of visible objects at ordinary velocities
Quantum mechanics
Describes the behavior of extremely small particles at velocities near that of light
Sublevels
Divisions within an energy level
Pauli's exclusion principle
Each electron within an atom has it's own set of 4 quantum #s
2
Each orbital can hold ___ electrons
E=mc^2
Einstein's equation relating matter and energy
2n^2
Formula used to determine the # of electrons in an atom's atomic #
Broglie
French scientist whose hypothesis on the wave nature of particles helped lead to the present day theory of atomic structure
Opposite
If two electrons occupy the same orbital, they must have ___ spins
Hund's rule
In a multiorbital sublevel; electrons fill 1 into each orbital before filling 2 into any
Its present position and it's radius
In order to give a full description of an electron, you need to know what 2 things
Pauli
Invented the s quantum number
Heisenberg (uncertainty principle)
It is impossible to determine both the exact position and momentum of an object (electron)
Heisenberg uncertainty principle
It is impossible to know exactly both the position and momentum of an electron at the same instant
Broglie
The relationship b/w energy and matter and Plank's hypothesis makes it possible for particles to equal waves
Pauli exclusion principle
No 2 electrons in an atom can have the same set of quantum #s
Schrodinger's wave equation
One of the most important developments: the idea of quantum #s which describe the behavior of electrons
m
Orbital number; orientation or direction in space; -l or +l
Degenerate
Orbitals of the sublevel that are alike in size and shape and differ only in direction have the same energy
Double slit experiment
Particles pass through slits making bands on the target; waves pass through slits making interference patterns; electrons could do both
Bohr
Pictured the hydrogen atom as an electron circling a nucleus at a distance of about 53 pm; an electron cloud absorbs a quantum of energy and move to a larger orbit
E=hv (v=nu)
Plank's quantum equation
n
Principal quantum #; the distance the electron is from the nucleus; the size of the cloud; energy level; any whole # value 1-7
Electron cloud
The space in which an electron is likely to be found
Momentum
Product of mass and velocity of an object
Probability
Ratio b/w the # of times the electron is in that certain position and the total # of times it is at all possible positions; mathematical expression of "chance"
Electron cloud
Region in which an electron travels around the nucleus of an atom
Rosette
Shape of d
Complex
Shape of f
Dumbell
Shape of p
Spherical
Shape of s
Photoelectric effect
Shows that light can be both waves and particles
Orbital
Space occupied by 1 pair of electrons
s
Spin number; the exact location of the electron; clockwise/counterclockwise; +1/2 or -1/2
Mechanics
Study of interaction of matter and forces
l
Sublevel number; shape of electron cloud
Principal quantum number
The # of the energy level, n
One electron
The Schrödinger's wave equation is solvable for any ___ system
Spherical
The sum of all electron clouds in any sublevel (or energy level) is a ___ cloud
Schrodinger
Treat electrons like waves; wave equations give total energy
Light
When an electron in a hydrogen atom moves from a higher to a lower energy state, the energy difference is emitted as a quantum of __
4
___ quantum #s are required to describe completely an electron in an atom