Section 1 Quiz

Which is the most reasonable response to a source that says it is completely unbiased? "I can trust this source, because it is completely unbiased." "This is not accurate, because no source is completely unbiased." "Of course this is accurate, because all sources are completely unbiased." "Of course this is not really accurate, but all sources say they are completely unbiased."

"This is not accurate, because no source is completely unbiased."

If Sam lives in Salt Lake City, then Sam lives in Utah. Sam does live in Utah. Therefore, Sam lives in Salt Lake City.This is an example of which fallacy? Fallacy fallacy Begging the question Affirming the consequent Denying the antecedent

Affirming the consequent

You notice that most of what you see on the internet reflects your own beliefs.What can you reasonably infer from this observation? Your beliefs are right. Your beliefs are wrong. Your beliefs are mainstream. Algorithms may be directing you to sources mirroring your beliefs.

Algorithms may be directing you to sources mirroring your beliefs.

Hot tea is soothing, so it will help you relax.Which of the following accurately describe the above argument? The argument has one sentence. The argument has one premise. The argument has one conclusion. The argument has two simple propositions. All of the above. None of the above.

All of the above.

Which arguments contain the general-specific pattern? Choose two. All triangles have three sides, and that shape has three sides. So that shape is a triangle. A pentagon has five sides, and a hexagon has six sides. So a heptagon has seven sides. If something is a dessert, then it is sweet. Cake is dessert. So cake is sweet. If the cake is chocolate, the frosting is vanilla. The frosting is not vanilla. So the cake is not chocolate.

All triangles have three sides, and that shape has three sides. So that shape is a triangle. If something is a dessert, then it is sweet. Cake is dessert. So cake is sweet.

Gene is shopping for a new dress shirt. Upon finding one in the right color and style, Gene looks at the price tag and notices that although it still is expensive, the shirt currently is selling for half its original sale price. Believing this is a good deal, Gene quickly buys the shirt.Which cognitive bias does Gene's behavior illustrate? Denying the antecedent Anchoring and adjustment Representativeness Confirmation bias

Anchoring and adjustment

Candidate A won the popular vote for President. Thus, Candidate A has become President-elect.What is the hidden assumption in this argument? Any candidate who wins the popular vote becomes President-elect. If a candidate wins the popular vote, then that candidate has the best ideas. Candidate A does not understand the electoral college. Candidate B did not run a good campaign.

Any candidate who wins the popular vote becomes President-elect.

Bobbie considers whether to take a beach vacation and spend some time in the ocean. Suddenly Bobbie remembers the movie, Jaws, and concludes that the risk of getting eaten by a shark is too great. So Bobbie decides to rent a cabin in the woods instead.What form of bias does Bobbie's reasoning demonstrate? Anchoring bias Availability bias Confirmation bias Ideological bias

Availability bias

Brand X Dog Food is the healthiest dog food because no other brand of dog food is as nutritious.What fallacy is this an example of? Affirming the consequent Denying the antecedent Fallacy fallacy Begging the question

Begging the question

Either the company hires more workers or it will not meet its production goals. The company cannot hire more workers. Consequently, the company will not meet its production goals.Which two statements provide conjoint support for the conclusion of this argument? Either the company hires more workers or it will not meet its production goals. The company cannot hire more workers. The company will not meet its production goals. The company lacks the capital to invest in a larger workforce.

Either the company hires more workers or it will not meet its production goals. The company cannot hire more workers. The company will not meet its production goals.

I heard Dylan say that "if it rained, then the ground should be wet; and since the ground is wet, it must have rained." Because Dylan committed the fallacy of affirming the consequent, we must reject Dylan's inference that it rained. Something else must have made the ground wet.Which type of logical error is this an example of? Begging the question Denying the antecedent Fallacy fallacy Non-argument

Fallacy fallacy

Either you are my friend, or you are my enemy. You are not my friend. Therefore, you are my enemy.Which two descriptions accurate characterize this argument? False dichotomy Circular reasoning Black or white thinking Causal reasoning

False dichotomy Black or white thinking

Which words are premise indicators? Choose two. For So Therefore As

For As

Two members of city council were just convicted of accepting illegal bribes. This proves that all politicians are criminals.Which fallacy of weak induction does this argument commit? Appeal to ignorance Equivocation Hasty generalization Slippery slope

Hasty generalization

Which claim best represents strong critical thinking? Since I am always fair and objective, I know my view on the issue is correct. Let's work together to clarify the problem and find a solution supported by the best available reasons and evidence. The problem is obvious and the answer is easy to see. The other candidate is a known cheat and liar. Even so, I look forward to having a substantive exchange of ideas during the town hall.

Let's work together to clarify the problem and find a solution supported by the best available reasons and evidence.

A baseball player forgets to do laundry before a big game and must wear dirty socks. That day he played better than ever and even hit the game-winning home run. Attributing his good luck to wearing those dirty socks, the player decides to go the rest of the season wearing the same socks without ever washing them.Which fallacy of weak induction does this argument commit? Slippery slope Shifting the burden of proof Post hoc, ergo propter hoc Appeal to ignorance

Post hoc, ergo propter hoc

Payton supports increasing taxes on the wealthy to support a stronger social safety net. Quincy disagrees because increasing taxes might reduce investment and hurt the economy. Nevertheless, Quincy acknowledges that a stronger social safety net is needed and that increasing taxes on the wealthy would be justified if it could achieve this without damaging the overall economy too much.What concept does this passage demonstrate? Principle of charity Representativeness Selection bias Anchoring

Principle of charity

The latest reports indicate that inflation is rising rapidly. When there is too much inflation, the Fed has a responsibility to take action. So the Fed should raise interest rates, since raising interest rates is the most effective way to curb inflation.Which is the conclusion of the above argument? The latest reports indicate that inflation is rising rapidly. The Fed has a responsibility to take action. The Fed should raise interest rates. Raising interest rates is the most effective way to curb inflation.

Raising interest rates is the most effective way to curb inflation.

Why is determining a source's author important for judging its credibility? Se we can find out if the author has the correct political views. So we can find out if the author is an expert in a relevant field. So we can find out if the author has written any best-sellers. So we can find out if the author has many followers on social media.

So we can find out if the author is an expert in a relevant field.

While the internet has made sources easier to find, which of the following is a way that the internet has made it more difficult to identify reliable sources? Sources on the internet are never credible, so they cannot be trusted. Sources on the internet are not consistently credible, so they need to be verified. Sources on the internet are usually credible, so they sometimes need to be verified. Sources on the internet are always credible, so there is no way to decide which to use.

Sources on the internet are not consistently credible, so they need to be verified.

You have gotten taller since I last saw you.Which description accurately characterizes this sentence? Valid argument Cogent argument Statement Inference

Statement

My intuitions are almost always accurate. At this moment my intuition is telling me that the lottery ticket I purchased today is going to win me the million-dollar jackpot. Therefore, it is likely that I am going to win the jackpot.Which term describes this argument? Strong Weak Cogent Sound

Strong

A television news anchor announces a factual error in a story aired yesterday on the same program.What does this announcement imply about the news program's credibility? The program seems to have no credibility since its anchor states falsehoods. The program seems credible since it holds itself accountable to the truth. The program seems credible since it is completely objective. The program seems to have no credibility because it is biased.

The program seems credible since it holds itself accountable to the truth.

In what way are heuristics useful? They help us make the best choice in any situation. They enable us to slow down and think carefully. They allow us to make fast decisions. They let us overcome biases.

They allow us to make fast decisions.

Which words are conclusion indicators? Choose two. Because Thus Hence Since

Thus Hence

What are two reasons critical thinkers apply the principle of charity? To maximize their tax returns. To defeat their opponents' arguments. To deepen their understanding of an issue. To broaden the appeal of their own argument.

To deepen their understanding of an issue. To broaden the appeal of their own argument.

Why should a critical thinker read multiple articles from the same source? Choose two. To determine if the source advertises lots of interesting products To determine if the source consistently uses the same font and design features To determine if the source has a strong bias To determine of the source contains sensationalized stories

To determine if the source has a strong bias To determine of the source contains sensationalized stories

All the produce at the neighborhood grocery store is always terrible. I know because I bought tomatoes there twice and both times they were rotten.Which best characterizes this argument? Strong Valid Weak Cogent

Weak