Section 2: Network Basics

What are the different types of Internet of Things technologies?

1. 802.11 2. Bluetooth 3. RFID

What is a Wireless Access Point (WAP)?

A device that allows wireless devices to connect into a wired network.

What is a switch and what is a commonly used nickname for them?

A device that connects network devices together (like a next generation hub). "Smart" Hub

What is a server?

A device that provides resources to the rest of the network.

What is a client?

A device used by an end-user to access a network, could be any device that connects to a network.

What is a Converged network?

A network that combines various forms of traffic such as voice, video, and data on the same network infrastructure.

What is a Token Ring?

A networking technology developed by IBM in the 1980s. It relies upon direct links between nodes and a ring topology, using tokens to allow nodes to transmit data. Imagine a talking stick in a circle of kids in school.

What's the major difference between a switch and and a hub?

A switch can broadcast to individuals while a hub can only broadcast to everyone connected and not individuals.

Which of the following network geographies refers to a network that spans several buildings within walking distance of each other, such as at a business park? CAN WAN PAN MAN

CAN - Campus Area Network

What is a CAN and what does it stand for?

Campus Area Network 1. Connects building-centric LANs across a university, industrial park, or business park. 2. Covers many square miles and buildings 3. Examples include College campuses, Business parks, and Military bases

What are the benefits of the Client/Server Model?

Centralized administration Easier management Better scalability

What are all the network components?

Client Server Wireless Access Point Hub Switch Router WAN Link Media

What is the leading Model used in business networks?

Client/Server Model

What is ANT+ used for?

Collection and transfer of sensor data. Tire sensor, tv's, lights and can know which things are on or off.

What is a media?

Connects two devices or a device to a switch port. Could be things such as copper cable, fiber-optic, or even radio waves if you're using Wi-Fi.

What is a router?

Connects two different networks together and forwards traffic to and from a network.

What are the drawbacks of the Peer-to-Peer Model?

Decentralized management Inefficient for large networks Poor Scalability

What is Ad Hoc Mode?

Decentralized wireless network which creates P2P connections and does not require a router or access point.

What is FDDI and what does it stand for?

Fiber Distributed Data Interface, uses two rings one operates in a clockwise direction and the other goes counter clockwise. Is used to provide redundancy in case one goes down. Only one currently used and should be expected on Network + exam.

What are the drawbacks of the Client/Server Model?

Higher cost Requires specialzed OS, such as Windows 2016 or a Unix build Requires dedicated resources.

Dion Worldwide has created a network architecture that relies on two main data centers, one in the United States and one in Japan. Each satellite office in the United States and Canada will connect back to the American data center, while each satellite office in Asia will connect back to the Japanese data center. Both the American and Japanese data centers are interconnected, as well. Therefore, if a client in the Philippines wants to send a file to the office in Miami, it will go first to the Japanese datacenter, then route across to the American datacenter, and then to the Miami satellite office. Which of the following network topologies best describes the Dion Worldwide network? Hub and spoke Bus Star Ring

Hub and Spoke, the hubs are American and Japanese data centers, and the spokes are all the other offices.

What is a Partial-Mesh Topology?

Hybrid of the full-mesh and the hub-and-spoke topologies. Provides optimal routes between some sites. Also provides redundancy.

What is the main downside of the Star Topology?

If the central device fails, the entire network fails.

What is IR and what does it stand for?

Infrared Operates with line of sight

What is a Wireless Mesh Topology?

Interconnection of different types of nodes, devices, or radios.

What is IoT and what does it stand for?

Internet of Things

What is a LAN and what does it stand for?

Local Area Network 1. Connects components in a limited distance. 2. Each segment is limited to short distances, such as 100 meters with CAT 5 cabling. 3. Consists of Ethernet(IEEE 802.3) or WiFi networks (IEEE 802.11)

What is Bluetooth?

Low-Energy use variant of Bluetooth which allows for a mesh network.

What are the benefits of the Peer-to-Peer Model?

Lower cost No dedicated resources No specialized OS

A network administrator was told by the Chief Information Officer (CIO) to set up a new office with a network that has full redundancy. What topology would BEST meet the CIO's requirement? Hybrid Bus Mesh Star

Mesh

What is a MAN and what does it stand for?

Metropolitan Area Network 1. Connects scattered locations across a city. 2. Larger than a CAN, but smaller than a WAN. 3. Covers up to a 25-mile radius in larger cities. 4. Examples include City departments like the police department, community college with campuses spread across a county.

What is a Star Topology?

Most popular physical LAN topology where devices connect to a single point.

What is the most important thing to remember in regards to a Partial-Mesh Toplogy?

Must consider the flow of network traffic patterns.

What is NFC and what does it stand for?

Near-field Communication Enables two devices to communicate within a 4-cm range.

What is a hub and what is their major drawback?

Older technology that connects network devices together, not commonly used anymore. Hubs can lead to increased network errors due to it distributing the information to every device located on the hub.

What is a Full-Mesh Topology?

Optimal routing is always available as every node connects to every other node.

What are the two types of models used in networking?

Peer to Peer model & Client/Server model

Which of the following type of network models makes no differentiation between the devices that provide services and those that request services? Client-server Point-to-point Hub-and-spoke Peer-to-peer

Peer-to-Peer

What is the Peer-to-Peer Model?

Peers Share resources (files/printers) directly with others.

What is a PAN and what does it stand for?

Personal Area Network 1. Smallest type of wired or wireless network 2. Covers the least amount of area. 3. Examples include Bluetooth, USB hard drive to laptop, and Firewire video camera to computer.

What is a Wide Area Network (WAN) Link?

Physically connects two geographically dispersed networks.

What is Z-Wave?

Provides short-range, low-latency data transfer with slower rates and less power consumption than Wi-Fi. On exam if Z-Wave comes up think of automation, turning lights or sound on or off.

A network technician at a warehouse must implement a solution that will allow a company to track shipments as they enter and leave the facility. The warehouse workers must scan each package as it enters the warehouse using a sensor. Which of the following technologies should they utilize to meet these requirements? Wi-Fi RFID Bluetooth NFC

RFID - Radio-frequency identification

What's the difference between RFID and NFC?

RFID tags can generally be scanned at distances of up to 100 meters and do not require a direct line of sight to the reader. NFC generally requires a direct line of site to the reader, and also requires the communicating devices to be within a few centimeters of each other.

What is RFID and what does it stand for?

Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) Uses electromagnetic fields to read data stored in embedded tags.

What is a Hub-and-Spoke Topology?

Similar to Star but with WAN links instead of LAN connections and it is used for connecting multiple sites.

What are the 5 9's of availability?

The amount of time any given network could be realistically promised to customers and business networks.

What is the purpose of a network?

To make connections between machines. (Wired or Wireless)

What is a Ring Topology?

Uses a cable running in a circular loop where each device connects to the ring but data travels in a singular direction.

What is the Client/Server Model?

Uses a dedicated server to provide access to files, scanners, printers, and other resources.

What is a Bus Topology?

Uses a single cable where each device taps into by using either a vampire or a T-connector.

What is Infrastructure Mode?

Uses a wireless access point as a centralized point and supports wireless security controls. An example would be a router.

What is a WAN and what does it stand for?

Wide Area Network 1. Connects geographically disparate internal networks 2. Consists of leased lines or Virtual Private Networks tunneled over the Internet 3. Covers distances around the country or around the world. 4. Examples include the Internet (The largest WAN), connecting two private networks from New York to Seattle.

What is 802.11?

Wireless networks that can operate in infrastructure or ad hoc modes.

How do you calculate the number of connections in a Full-Mesh Topology?

X = n(n-1)/2 x = number of connections n = number of devices