Sedimentary Rocks

calcite

A common mineral found in carbonate sedimentary rocks is

dolomite

A dolostone is composed mostly of the mineral _______________.

reef

A mound shaped feature composed chiefly of the calcareous remains of sedentary marine organisms is a

0.004, 0.06 mm

A mudstone is composed of particles ranging in size from less than ______ mm to ______ mm.

breccia

A sedimentary rock composed of angular gravel is called a

conglomerate

A sedimentary rock composed of rounded gravel is called a

beach

A strip of sand and gravel extending from the low- to high-tide line.

fragmental, clastic

All clastic sedimentary rocks display a ______________________ or _____________ texture.

mountain fronts

Alluvial fans develop at the base of

chert

An example of a siliceous chemical sedimentary rock is

1

Beds are thicker than _________ cm.

minerals, rock fragments

Clastic sedimentary rocks are composed of _____________ and __________derived from pre-existing material.

1:24000

Formations are generally considered to be mappable at a scale of

turbidity currents

Graded beds are the result of deposition by

framework, matrix

Grains of sand make up one component of a sandstone while grains smaller than sand make up another. The former is called the ___________________ while the latter is called the _____________.

2mm

Gravels (including pebbles) are pieces of older rock material greater than

Shale exhibits fissility while a mudstone does not.

How does shale differ from a mudstone?

parting into even parallel sheets when struck with a rock hammer.

How would you describe the property of fissility?

quartz arenite

If a sandstone includes less than 15 percent matrix, and is composed of >90 percent quartz then it is called a

well sorted, rounded

In general the greater the distance sediment is transported the more ______ _________ and _________ sediment becomes.

false

Laminations are thicker then beds.

coccolithophore

Microfossils found in chalk are

rock salt

NaCl when found in rock form is referred to as

false

Oolitic limestone is an example of an organic carbonate rock.

coal

Rock that is the result of compaction of variably decayed plant matter is referred to as

0.06 and 2

Sand is cohesionless sediment ranging in size between ______ mm and ______ mm.

calcareous sandstone or just simply sandstone

Sand that is cemented with calcite is called

suspended load

Sediment always carried above the river bed in the moving current is classified as the

bedload

Sediment dragged, pushed, or bounced along the river bed is classified as the

claystones

Siltstones are coarser grained than

barrier islands

Strips of sand and gravel lying above sea level and paralleling the adjacent coastline but separated from it by a narrow body of water are called

rounding

The angularity of the edges and corners of grains in a sedimentary rock is referred to as

solution

The cement in a sandstone is typically the result of the precipitation of minerals like quartz and calcite from

Chemical weathering

The chemical alteration of weathered material brought on by reactions with the hydrosphere, biosphere, and atmosphere

faster

The current adjacent to the cut bank is moving __________ than the current along the point bar side.

boulder

The largest clast size in the range of gravel is

physical weathering

The mechanical break down of rock material by plants, animals, abrasion, and freezing and thawing

voids or empty space

The pores of clastic sedimentary rocks are the ___________ between grains.

compaction

The process of reducing pore space by depositing younger sediments on top of older material is referred to as

sorting

The range in grain size of sediment in a given sample.

wind, water, and ice

What are the three major agents of erosion?

the evaporation of water and the drying out of a sedimentary environment.

What do mud cracks signifiy?

dunes or sand dunes

What do you call accumulations of sand that are the result of blowing wind?

a 3D surface separating rocks of differing lithological aspect.

What is a contact?

claystone

What is the clastic sedimentary rock composed of less than 0.004 mm in size?

Cross beds and ripples are sedimentary structures that indicate the general direction of wind or water currents during deposition

What is the significance of cross beds and ripples?

bioclastic limestone

What would you call a carbonate rock composed of calcite and abundant pieces of clam shells?

feldspathic wacke

What would you call sandstone with the following characteristics: (a) a framework composed of greater than 25 percent feldspar, (b) the proportion of feldspar to feldspar + rock fragments in the framework is greater than 50%, and (b) the matrix is more than 15 percent?

lithic arenite

What would you call sandstone with the following characteristics: (a) a framework composed of greater than 25 percent feldspar, (b) the proportion of rock fragments to feldspar + rock fragments in the framework is greater than 50%, and (b) the matrix is less than 15 percent?

deltas

When rivers enter large bodies of standing water they typically debouche their loads forming

continental rise environments.

Where are sumarine fans found?