Seeley's Anatomy & Physiology 11th ed Chapter 8

4. Harry is told he has structural damage to his dentoalveolar joint. Where specifically is the problem area?

Between his tooth socket and tooth.

126. True or False: The tightness of the ligaments at each joint is the only limiting factor of movement at that joint.

FALSE

anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

The figure illustrates a posterior view of the right knee joint. What does "A" represent?

70. Which of the following statements regarding the temporomandibular (TMJ) joint is correct?

The joint is a combination plane and ellipsoidal joint.

10. Which of the following statements concerning sutures is false?

The tissue between the bones is hyaline cartilage.

29. Which of the following statements concerning bursae is true?

They are formed by an extension of the synovial membrane.

133. The range of motion that can be accomplished at a joint by muscular contraction is _____ range of motion. The amount of motion or movement at a joint when moved by an outside force is the ____ range of motion.

active, passive

89. Arthritis is

an inflammation of any joint.

129. The type of movements where one linear part of the body bends relative to another part would be ______ movements.

angular

79. The anterior cruciate ligament prevents _____ displacement of the tibia.

anterior

42. Ellipsoid joints

are actually modified ball and socket joints.

21. Synovial joints are different from both fibrous and cartilaginous joints because synovial joints

are enclosed by a joint capsule.

41. A biaxial joint has movement

around two axes at right angles to one another.

26. Which of the following is a synovial joint?

atlanto-occipital

6. Delores is seeing a neurologist for severe inflammation in a specific type of joint. Which of these joints would be most likely to cause problems with the spinal cord?

atlantoaxial joint

95. What does structure "A" represent on the diagram?

bursa

136. Joints joined together by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage would be classified as ______ joints.

cartilaginous

A motion in which one end of an appendage is stationary while the other makes a circular motion is called:

circumduction

54. A movement through 360 degrees that combines flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction is called

circumduction.

82. The knee joint is an example of a _____ joint.

complex ellipsoid

hinge

convex cylinder in concave depression of other bone

27. Articular cartilage

covers the ends of bones in synovial joints.

23. Synovial fluid

decreases friction between bones.

86. The three arches of the foot

distribute the weight of the body during standing and walking.

59. If you ask someone a question and they do not know the answer, which type of nonverbal expression are you likely to get from that person?

elevation of the clavicles and scapulae

60. The opposite of depression is

elevation.

37. Which of the following types of joints is mismatched with its location?

ellipsoid - between femur and tibia

68. Turning the ankle so that the plantar surface faces laterally is

eversion.

30. Pain in a synovial joint such as the hip can occur because of irritation of the nerves in the

fibrous capsule of the joint.

9. A joint that has no joint cavity and exhibits little or no movement would be classified as a

fibrous joint.

49. Bowing the head is an example of

flexion.

62. The opposite of extension is

flexion.

19. Which of the following is NOT a cartilaginous joint?

fontanelles

74. What is the most commonly dislocated joint in the body?

glenohumeral joint

128. The simplest types of movement at a synovial joint are ______ movements.

gliding

48. The type of movement between carpal bones is described as

gliding.

13. The joint between the teeth and the mandibular alveolus is an example of a

gomphosis.

45. The cubital or elbow joint is an example of a _____ joint.

hinge

Convex cylinder in concave depression of other bone

hinge

87. Which of the following is mismatched?

hip joint - cruciate ligaments

17. A synchondrosis contains ___ cartilage.

hyaline

53. Abnormal forced extension beyond normal range of motion is called

hyperextension.

88. Which of the following does NOT occur due to the effects of aging on the joints?

increased production of synovial fluid

1. Jasmine trips and tries to break her fall by putting her hand to the ground. The doctor informs her she has injured the ____ joints in her wrist.

intercarpal joints.

18. An example of a symphysis is the

intervertebral joint.

63. The opposite of eversion is

inversion.

33. The joint capsule

is a double layer of tissue that encloses a joint.

35. The fibrous capsule

is a layer of tissue that is continuous with the periosteum.

36. Synovial fluid

is a thin lubricating film covering the surface of a joint.

22. Hyaluronic acid

is responsible for the lubricating properties of synovial fluid.

2. A place where two or more bones come together is a(n)

joint and an articulation.

81. The medial meniscus is in the

knee.

65. Moving the mandible to the side as when grinding the teeth is

lateral excursion.

52. Yolanda, a yoga instructor, tells her class to stretch the muscles of the side of the trunk by instructing them to perform ___.

lateral flexion.

78. The ligament at the head of the femur is the

ligamentum teres.

34. The synovial membrane

lines the joint everywhere except over the articular cartilage.

15. A synchondrosis

may be temporary.

83. The thick fibrocartilage disks found in the knee joint are called

menisci.

5. LaTonya gets her hand caught in the car door at her knuckles. Which of these specific joints is injured?

metacarpophalangeal joints

lateral excursion

moves mandible to either the right or left

A joint that moves in all three anatomical planes or around several axes would be classified a(n) ________joint

multiaxial

Based on the number of axes rotations, temporomandibular joints are usually ________ joints.

multiaxial

ellipsoid

oval shaped surface articulating with oval depression in other bone

46. The joint between the head of the radius and the proximal end of the ulna is a _____ joint.

pivot

39. A joint that consists of two opposed flat surfaces of approximately equal size is a _____ joint.

plane

43. The joint between the articular processes of adjacent vertebrae is a _____ joint.

plane

Two flat bone surfaces

plane

51. Sergio needs to reach the bowls on the top shelf, which are slightly out of reach. Which type of movement below would give him the greatest chance of success in reaching the bowls?

plantar flexion

58. Which of the following pairs of terms are opposites?

plantar flexion - dorsiflexion

7. Mary Lu is experiencing pain from her sacroiliac joint. In what region of her body is she most likely feeling pain?

posterior pelvic region

A movement of the forearm that turns the palm posteriorly or downward is called:

pronation

55. Rotating the forearm so that the palm faces posteriorly is called

pronation.

61. The opposite of supination is

pronation.

An anterior movement of a body part in the transverse plane is called:

protraction

An example is pushing the mandible forward.

protraction

Jutting out the jaw is an example of:

protraction

64. The opposite of retraction is

protraction.

28. The function of a bursa is to

provide a fluid-filled cushion that reduces friction.

32. Articular cartilage

provides a smooth surface where bones meet.

66. Returning the thumb to the anatomical position after touching the little finger is

reposition.

38. A pivot joint

restricts movement to rotation.

67. Raul's father tells him not to slouch, and to put his shoulders back. What specifically must Raul do to improve his posture?

retract his scapulae

A posterior movement of a body part in the transverse plane is called:

retraction

medial excursion

returns the mandible to the midline position

A movement in which a bone turns on its longitudinal axis is called:

rotation

Turning the head left and right, as in saying "no" is an example of:.

rotation

57. Turning a structure around its longitudinal axis is called

rotation.

73. The muscles that hold the humeral head within the glenoid cavity are collectively called the

rotator cuff.

ball-and-socket

rounded bone surface inside cup-like depression of other bone

Two surfaces, both convex and concave at right angles to each other

saddle

75. The subscapular and subacromial bursa are associated with the _________ joint.

shoulder

72. A tennis player goes to the doctor and is told he has a torn rotator cuff. He has injured his

shoulder.

76. The glenoid labrum is part of the _____ joint while the acetabular labrum is part of the _____ joint.

shoulder; hip

8. Joints are classified according to the

structure of the joint.

56. Rotating the forearm so that the palm faces anteriorly is called

supination.

16. The epiphyseal plate of a growing bone is actually a temporary joint called a

synchondrosis.

11. When two bones grow together across a joint to form a single bone, this is called a

synostosis.

20. Most of the joints in the appendicular skeleton are _____ joints.

synovial

Which of the following joints is most movable?

synovial

24. The inability to produce the fluid that keeps most joints moist indicates a disorder of the

synovial membrane.

71. In the TMJ joint, the mandible articulates with the

temporal bone.

12. In a syndesmosis

the bones are held together by ligaments called interosseous membranes.

91. Osteoarthritis is

the most common type of arthritis.

articular cartilage

96. What does structure "B" represent on the diagram?

tendon

97. What does structure "C" represent on the diagram?

synovial membrane

98. What does structure "D" represent on the diagram?

fibrous capsule

99. What does structure "E" represent on the diagram?

127. Select the types of angular movements allowed at synovial joints.

-abduction -extension -flexion

120. Places in the skeleton where bones meet are called:

-cartilaginous discs -joints

132. Select the types of circular movements allowed at synovial joints.

-circumduction -pronation -rotation

138. Select all of the movements allowed at the temporomandibular joint.

-depression and elevation -protraction and retraction

135. The displacement of a bone from its normal position is called ______.

-disarticulation -luxation

31. A sharp object penetrated a synovial joint. From the following list of structures, select the order in which they were penetrated.

-skin -tendon or muscle -ligament -fibrous capsule -synovial membrane

140. What are some good ways to prevent effects of aging on the joints?

-strengthen muscles -stretching routines -use them regularly

parietal bone

100. The figure illustrates bones, fontanels, and sutures on the fetal skull. What does "A" represent?

anterior fontanel

101. The figure illustrates bones, fontanels, and sutures on the fetal skull. What does "B" represent?

sagittal suture

102. The figure illustrates bones, fontanels, and sutures on the fetal skull. What does "C" represent?

posterior fontanel

103. The figure illustrates bones, fontanels, and sutures on the fetal skull. What does "D" represent?

occipital bone

104. The figure illustrates bones, fontanels, and sutures on the fetal skull. What does "E" represent?

sternal symphyses

105. The figure illustrates the joints and bones of the rib cage. What does "A" represent?

costochondral joint

106. The figure illustrates the joints and bones of the rib cage. What does "B" represent?

sternocostal synchrondrosis

107. The figure illustrates the joints and bones of the rib cage. What does "C" represent?

manubrium

108. The figure illustrates the joints and bones of the rib cage. What does "D" represent?

sternum

109. The figure illustrates the joints and bones of the rib cage. What does "E" represent?

zygomatic arch

110. The figure illustrates structures in the right temporomandibular joint (lateral view). What does "A" represent?

lateral ligament

111. The figure illustrates structures in the right temporomandibular joint (lateral view). What does "B" represent?

styloid process

112. The figure illustrates structures in the right temporomandibular joint (lateral view). What does "C" represent?

stylomandibular ligament

113. The figure illustrates structures in the right temporomandibular joint (lateral view). What does "D" represent?

mandible

114. The figure illustrates structures in the right temporomandibular joint (lateral view). What does "E" represent?

medial (tibial) collateral ligament (MCL)

116. The figure illustrates a posterior view of the right knee joint. What does "B" represent?

lateral (fibular) collateral ligament (LCL)

117. The figure illustrates a posterior view of the right knee joint. What does "C" represent?

lateral meniscus

118. The figure illustrates a posterior view of the right knee joint. What does "D" represent? lateral meniscus

posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

119. The figure illustrates a posterior view of the right knee joint. What does "E" represent?

77. Which of the following movements is possible at the hip or coxal joint?

A. rotation B. flexion C. adduction D. circumduction E. All of these are possible.

69. Which of the following does NOT influence the range of motion of a joint?

A. the shape of the articular surfaces of the bones B. the amount and shape of cartilage C. the amount of fluid in and around the joint D. the strength and location of tendons and ligaments E. All of these influence range of motion.

85. Which of the following statements concerning the ankle joint is true?

Most common injuries to this joint occur because of a forceful inversion of the foot.

90. Lyme disease is

a bacterial infection transmitted by ticks.

92. Rheumatoid arthritis is A. a bacterial infection transmitted by ticks.

a condition that may involve an autoimmune disease.

93. Gout is

a metabolic disorder caused by increased uric acid in blood.

80. Which of the following movements does not occur at the knee joint?

abduction

40. This type of joint is multiaxial allowing a wide range of movement.

ball and socket

47. Which of the following joints is most movable?

ball and socket

Rounded bone surface inside cup-like depression of other bone

ball-and-socket

A joint that occurs around two axes situated at right angles to each other is a(n) ________ joint.

biaxial

A joint that occurs around two axes situated at right angles to each other is a(n) ________joint.

biaxial

Based on the number of axes rotations, ellipsoid (condylar) joints are usually ________ joints.

biaxial

Based on the number of axes rotations, the carpometacarpal joints of the thumb (saddle) are ________ joints.

biaxial

pivot

bony process within bony and/or ligament ring

121. Cartilaginous joints unite two bones by means of _____.

cartilage

44. An example of a saddle joint is the

carpometacarpal joint.

84. If you stepped in a hole in the yard and sprained your ankle, you have

torn a ligament of the ankle.

plane

two flat bone surfaces

3. The sagittal suture is between the

two parietal bones.

saddle

two surfaces, both convex and concave at right angles to each other

Based on the number of axes rotations, the interphalangeal joints are usually ________ joints.

uniaxial

Based upon their number of axes of rotation, plane joints are usually ________ joints.

uniaxial

Based upon their number of axes of rotation, the intercarpal joints are ________ joints.

uniaxial

14. Cartilaginous joints

unite two bones by means of fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage.

50. Which of the following movements is an example of extension?

using your finger to point out an area on a map

94. Osteoarthritis usually is caused by

wear and tear of the joint.