Semi, Colons, and Dashes Notes
semi-colons: The class has finished the nonfiction unit *therefore* we will begin the poetry unit on Monday. (cause and affect)
after unit (The class has finished the nonfiction unit; *therefore* we will begin the poetry unit on Monday )
semi-colons: The cravings come from the Oaxaca Valley in fact, 90 percent of the two hundred families who make them live in just three villages
after valley (The cravings come from the Oaxaca Valley; in fact, 90 percent of the two hundred families who make them live in just three villages)
dashes: Our family owns two vehicles a station wagon and a pick-up truck. (a colon could work as well)
after vehicles (Our family own two vehicles--a station wagon and a pick-up truck)
dashes: The weather was unseasonably warm in the low eighties for February
after warm, after eighties (The weather was unseasonably warm-- in the low eighties--for February)
dashes: "What I meant was " Vonda began as the doorbell rang
after was ("What I meant was " Vonda began as the doorbell rang)
semi-colons: not all birds migrate south for the winter cardinals, *for instance*, can stay in northern climates year round
after winter (not all birds migrate south for the winter; cardinals, *for instance*, can stay in northern climates year round)
Semicolons - a *punctuation* mark that is used to separate ____________ sentences without __________________
compound, conjunctions
confusing or clear? June sat with Tony, Pat, and me*,* and Josh sat with Flora, Zack, and Geraldo
confusing
confusing or clear? Searching for the house key, I found a dime, a nickel, and a penny*,* and John, my brother, found his lost watch
confusing
Use a semicolon between *independent clauses* joined by a _______________ ______________ or a *transitional expression
conjuctive adverb
Semicolons - separate sentences with _____________ *adverbs* or _____________ expressions and separate *series of items* when the items contain ____________
conjuctive, transitional, commas
What are these? accordingly, also, besides, consequently, furthermore, however, indeed, instead, meanwhile, moreover, nevertheless, next, otherwise, still, then, therefore
conjunctive adverb
Use a colon in certain....
conventional situations
You may need to use a semicolon (rather than a comma) before a _____________ *conjunction* (FANBOYS) to join *independent clause* that contain ___________
coordinating, commas
incorrect or correct? At the new amusement park we rode the roller coaster, the Ferris wheel, the bumper cars, and the water slide
correct
incorrect or correct? Our family has lived in California, Arizona, and Texas
correct
Use a dash to mean "namely, that is, or in other words", or to otherwise introduce an ________________________. Also, use a dash after the *explanation if the sentence continues*
explanation
2. Use a colon before a long ____________ statement or quotation
formal
use a colon between the _____ and minute
hour
Semicolons: Everyone else in my family excels in a particular sport I seem to be the only exception
after sport (Everyone else in my family excels in a particular sport; I seem to be the only exception)
semi-colons: (there's two) In 2000, the three largest metropolitan areas in the United States were New York, New York Los Angeles, California and Chicago, Illinois
after the second New York, after California (In 2000, the three largest metropolitan areas in the United States were New York, New York; Los Angeles, California; and Chicago, Illinois)
Use a dash to indicate the beginning and the end of an __________________ in thought or speech or to indicated an _________________ thought
abrupt break, unfinished
colon: 1 Corinthians 13 1-13
after 13 (1 Corinthians 13: 1-13)
semi-colons: (there's three) You may turn in your book reports on Thursday, September 14 Friday, September 15 Monday, September 18 or Tuesday, September 19
after 14, after 15, after 18 (You may turn in your book reports on Thursday, September 14; Friday, September 15; Monday, September 18; or Tuesday, September 19)
semi-colons: (there are 2) After his concert in New York, my uncle Vittorio will come to visit on Thursday, March 25 Friday, March 26 or Saturday, March 27
after 25, after 26 (After his concert in New York, my uncle Vittorio will come to visit on Thursday, March 25; Friday, March 26; or Saturday, March 27 )
colon: 6 15 p.m.
after 6 (6:15 p.m.)
colon: Sometimes the paper comes at 7 15 A., but other times it doesn't hit the drieway until 8 00
after 7, after 8 (Sometimes the paper comes at 7:15 A., but other times it doesn't hit the driveway until 8:00)
colon: Psalm 8 9
after 8 (Pslam 8:9)
colon: 9 55 tomorrow morning
after 9 (9:55 tomorrow morning)
semi-colons: The Mixtec built a tremendous pyramid in Cholula it was the largest pyramid of the ancient world
after Cholula (The Mixtec built a tremendous pyramid in Cholula; it was the largest pyramid of the ancient world)
semi colon: Ralph Ellison is best known for his 1952 novel, "Invisible Man" he also, *however*, wrote short stories and essays
after Man (Ralph Ellison is best known for his 1952 novel, "Invisible Man"; he also, *however*, wrote short stories and essays)
colon: My little sister's favorite book is "The Great Kapok Tree" "A Tale of the Amazon Rainforest" by Lynn Cherry.
after Tree (My little sister's favorite book is "The Great Kapok Tree": "A Tale of the Amazon Rainforest" by Lynn Cherry.)
colon: Dear Ms. Weinberg
after Weinberg (Dear Ms. Weinberg:)
semi colons: The poems will be dicussed in class *meanwhile*, we will be working on our research papers on our own time. (time)
after class (The poems will be discussed in class; *meanwhile*, we will be working on our research papers on our own time.)
semi-colon: Lenor is planning to become an engineer *however*, she is also interested in graphic design
after engineer (Lenor is planning to become an engineer; *however*, she is also interested in graphic design)
colons: The only tools allowed in the examination area are *as follows* pencils, compasses, rulers, and protractors
after follows (The only tools allowed in the examination area are *as follows*: pencils, compasses, rulers, and protractors)
colon: (answers the question "why"?) Preston slapped his forehead He had forgotten to put oregano in the sauce.
after forehead (Preston slapped his forehead: He had forgotten to put oregano in the sauce.)
semi-colons: only two people registered for the pottery lessons *as a result*, the class was canceled
after lesson (only two people registered for the pottery lessons; *as a result*, the class was canceled)
dashes: The party I'm sorry I forgot to tell you was not changed to next week
after party, after you (The party--I'm sorry I forgot to tell you--was not changed to next week)
semi-colons: most students are studying poets from the distant past I, *however*, am researching the poetic devices of a modern songwriter (contradicition)
after past (most students are studying poets from the distant past; I, *however*, am researching the poetic devices of a modern songwriter)
colons: During summer vacation, Juanita read biographies of *the following people* John Ross and Annie Wauneka
after people (During summer vacation, Juanita read biographies of *the following people*: John Ross and Annie Wauneka)
colon: (answers the question "why"?) He deserves a raise He completed the project on schedule and under budget.
after raise (He deserves a raise: He completed the project on schedule and under budget.)
Semicolons: The river is rising rapidly it is expected to crest by noon
after rapidly (The river is rising rapidly; it is expected to crest by noon)
colon: Thomas Paine's first pamphlet in the series "The American Crisis" starts with these famous words These are the times that try men's souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of their country; but he that stands it now deserves the love and thanks of man and woman
after words (Thomas Paine's first pamphlet in the series "The American Crisis" starts with these famous words: These are the times that try men's souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of their country; but he that stands it now deserves the love and thanks of man and woman)
3. use a colon before a statement that *explains* or __________ a preceding statement
clarifies
confusing or clear? June sat with Tony, Pat, and me*;* and Josh sat with Flora, Zack, and Geraldo
clear
confusing or clear? Searching for the house key, I found a dime, a nickel, and a penny*;* and John, my brother, found his lost watch
clear
Use semi-colons between items in a series if the items contain ___________
commas
incorrect or correct? At the new amusement park we rode*:* the roller coaster, the Ferris wheel, the bumper cars and the water slide
incorrect
incorrect or correct? Our family as lived in*:* California, Arizona, and Texas
incorrect
use semicolon between ______________ clauses that are *closely related* in thought and that are *NOT JOINED* by and, but, for, nor, or, so, yet
independent
colon: Sherry's favorite artists are Jacob Lawrence, Romare Bearden, and Margaret Boroughs.
not needed
semi-colons: Fortunately, Candace remembered the address, or we would have been quite late, Roseanne
not needed
semi-colons: Art in Mexico is varied and distinctive and it exhibits a strong Spanish influence.
not needed (the word and is present)
1. use a colon to mean...
note what follows
Colons - a punctuation mark used to denote "____________________;" a long formal statement or ___________; clarification for a preceding statement and conventional situations
note what follows, quotation
Dashes - A punctuation mark that sets off _______________ from the main thought
parentheticals
transitional expressions and conjunctive adverbs clarify ______________ between ideas and can help express your *meaning* better
relationships
Use a colon after the ___________ of a business letter
salutation
What are these? as a result, in spite of, for example, for instance, in conclusion, in other words, in fact, that is
transitional expressions
note: do not use colons between a _____ and its *complements* or a _____________ and its *objects*
verb, preposition
use a colon between chapter and _______ in Biblical references
verse
note - when a *conjuctive adverb* or *transitional expression* appears ________ one of the clauses instead of ________ the clauses, it is usually set off by *commas* (clauses may still be separated by a semicolon)
within, between