SHS 4420 Terms

Innervation Ratio

(#muscle fibers / # axons)

Clavicle

-collarbone; elongated s-shape, lies horizontal; articulates with sternum and scapula

Cardiac

-found exclusively in the heart -striated but involuntary

Smooth

-involuntary -slow/sustained contraction -found in blood vessels and internal organs (visceral)

Skeletal

-striated and voluntary

pivot

1st and 2nd cervical

Pelvic Girdle

Abdominal muscles attach to ilium Provides floor for abdominal viscera

Boyles Law

Assuming temperature is constant, pressure and volume are inversely proportional to one another

Capacities

Functional combinations of volumes that show us our physical limits

Muscle Spindle

Gogli tendon organ / Muscle Spindle is one of the specialized sense organ responsible for detecting instantaneous muscle length

Parallel

Long, cylindrical (arms, legs) or broad (abdomen) Large range of motion due to longer fasciculi

dorsal

a backpack rests on the ventral / dorsal surface of the body

Epimysium

a course fibrous tissue encasing an entire muscle

vertebral foramen

a large canal in a vertebrae through which the spinal cord passes

Perimysium

a moderately course fibrous tissue ensheathing a fasiculus

single motor unit

a single motor neuron plus all the muscle fibers stimulated/innervated

ligaments

a type of connective tissue that connects bone to bone, cartilage to cartilage, and bone to cartilage

speaking loud

accessory muscles are important for

pleura

airtight membrane

Saddle

all motion except rotation; thumb, stapes, incus

ERV (expiratory reserve volume)

amount of air forcibly exhaled following passive exhalation or REL

IRV (inspiratory reserve volume)

amount of air inhaled beyond TV

dens

an upward projection of the body of the axis that provides a pivot on which the axis and skull rotate

pubis

anterior inferior part of hip bone

caudal regions

beginning ice skaters may have bruises on their rostal/caudal region

Hyaline

blueish white and translucent and most rigid cartilage in the larynx

histology

branch of anatomy dealing with the microscopic structure of issue

Aponeuroses

broad flat extensions of tendons which form the attachment sites for muscles and bind muscles together

diaphragm

contraction pulls the central tendon downward thus increasing vertical dimension of the thorax Increases volume and decrease pressure in thoracic cavity;

Gogli Tendon Organ

detects tension generated in a tendon fiber as a consequence of muscle contraction

external intercostals

draws ribs together, elevates rib cage, therefore increases thoracic cavity volume

Radiating

fasciculi converge from a broad surface to a narrow point

Pennate

fasciculi converge obliquely along the length of tendon and also derived from word meaning feather

hinge

finger tip, elbow, knee

synovial

freely moving, 6 kinds of joints

Class 1

fulcrum located between AF and RF

ball and socket

great motion in all directions, many axes of movement (e.g., hip & shoulder) thigh bone and pelvic girdle

tissue

group of cells with common function

visceral pleura

holds the lungs

Fibrous

immovable joint; skull

lateral

in the anatomical position the thumbs are lateral/medial to the little fingers

Sarcolemma

is the fibrous tissue covering the individual muscle fiber

Ilium

large upper prt of hip bone

elastic

least rigid cartilage that is yellow and opaque and found in the Epiglottis

microanatomy

light or electron microscopy, more common in hearing science

appendicular skeleton

limbs and immediately attached strutures

connective, muscles, nerve, vascular, epithelial

list 5 elementary tissues

quiet breathing

major muscles are important for

IC (inspiratory capacity)

maximum volume of air inhaled from REL (TV + IRV)

class 2

mechanically advantage- RF between fulcrum and AF

class 3

mechanically disadvantage- AF between fulcrum and RF

fibrous

mostly collagenous and inelastic, whitish cartilage found between structure lines of the skull. Least Movable.

deep

muscle is superficial/deep in relation to the skin

Scalenes

muscles of the neck function-raise first couple of ribs, origin- transvere process of cervical vertebrae

Alveoli

pitted with small depressions, where CO2-O2 exchange occurs

Ischium

posterior, inferior part of hip bone

Agonist

prime mover

FRC (functional residual capacity)

quanity of air in lungs at REL (ERV+RV)

Organ

refers to a group of tissues with common function (heart)

tendons

refers to a type of connective tissue that connects muscle to muscle, muscle to bone, and muscle to cartilage

Scapula

shoulder blade, triangular in shape. covered by muscles; lies dorsal to upper 7/8 ribs.

gliding

sliding movement, least movement; vertebrae. articular facets between adjacent vertebrae

cartilaginous

slightly movble joint; vertebrae and pubic bones

Cell

smallest unit of living matter

acetabulum

socket; head of feature fits into it

Trabeculae

spicules of bone forming meshwork of cancellous bone

enamel

superficial covering of the teeth, hardest substance in body

Vertebral Column, rib cage, pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle

the 4 bony framework that support the respiratory mechanism

VC (vital capacity)

the amount of air that you can forcibly exhale (TV +IRV+ ERV)

ventral

the belly button is on the ventral/dorsal side of the body

superior

the bridge of the nose is superior/inferior to its tip

inspiration

the diaphragm is the most important for

proximal

the elbow which is distal/proximal to the wrist

distal

the fingers are distal/proximal to the wrist which is distal/proximal to the elbow which is distal/proximal to the shoudler

atlas

the first cervical vertebrae

primary bronchi

the last cartilage of the trachea divides to form

smaller lung

the left primary bronchus supplies the lager/smaller lung in terms of volume.

REL (rest expiratory level)

the net result of the rib cage to expand and the lungs to collapse -level of equilibrium -36-40% vital capacity

sternoclavicular joint

the only point of articulation between the pectoral girdle and skeleton

clavicle and scapula

the pectoral girdle is formed by the following structures

appendicular

the pelvic girdle is part of the axial/appendicular skeleton

three

the right bronchus divides into two/three secondary bronchi, one for each lobe

proximal

the shoulder is distal/proximal to the elbow

anterior

the trachea is anterior/posterior to the esophagus

cilia

the trachea is lined with ______, which is a special type of epithelial tissue

axial

the vertebral column is part of the axial/appendicular skeleton

proximal

the wrist is distal/proximal to the fingers

parietal pleura

tightly adheres to the ribcage

periosteum

tough fibrous membrane covering bones extending to tendons or ligaments

hyaline cartilages

tracheal rings are composed of

Axial skeleton

trunk and head

Collagen and Elastin

two major component materials of soft tissue

Condyloid

two types of motion at right angle, no rotation or twisting; wrist

gross anatomy

unaided, macroanatomy, primarily via dissection

TLC (total lung capacity)

volume of air in lungs at end of maximum inhalation (IRV+ERV+RV+TV)

TV (tidal volume)

volume of air inhaled/exhaled in a single cycle (7%)

RV (residual volume)

volume of air that is always present or remaining in your lungs after max exhalation

anterior

when the mouth is closed, the lips are anterior/posterior to the front of the teeth which are anterior/posterior to the tip of the tongue

Systems

when two or more organs combine in such a manner as to exhibit functional unity. There are eleven systems

antagonist

works in pairs with opposite directions