soc ch 5
The Protestant work ethic is based on the concept of predestination, which states that ________.
God has already chosen those who will be saved and those who will be damned.
The concept of the iron cage was popularized by which of the following sociological thinkers?
Max Weber
rationalization
a belief that modern society should be built around logic and efficiency rather than morality or tradition
false consciousness
a person's beliefs and ideology are in conflict with her best interests
anomie
a situation in which a society no longer has the support of a firm collective consciousness
iron cage
a situation in which an individual is trapped by social institutions
Which of the following best depicts Marx's concept of alienation from the process of one's labor?
a supermarket cashier always scans store coupons before company coupons because she was taught to do it that way.
organic solidarity
a type of social order based around the acceptance of economic and social differences
mechanical solidarity
a type of social order maintained by the collective consciousness of a culture
role-set
an array of roles attached to a particular status
self-fulfilling prophecy
an idea that comes true when acted upon
alienation
an individual's isolation from his sense of society, his work, and his sense of self
According to Marx, the ____ own the means of production in a society.
bourgeosie
class consciousness
consciousness of a person's rank in society
Emile Durkheims ideas about society can best be descirbes as...
functionalist
According to Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann, society is based on _______.
habitual actions
Which of the following societies were the first to have permanent residents?
horticultural
social integration
how strongly a person is connected to his or her social group
Organic solidarity is most likely to exist in which of the following types of societies?
industrial
looking-glass self
our reflection of how we think we appear to others
roles
patterns of behavior that are representative of a person's social status
mary works full time at an office downtown while her young children stay at a neighbors house. Shes just learned that the childcare provider is leaving the country. Mary has succumbed to pressure to volunteer at her church, plus her ailing mother in law will be moving in with her next month. Which of the following is likely to occur as Mary tries to balance her existing and new responsibilities?
role strain
horticultural societies
societies based around the cultivation of plants
pastoral societies
societies based around the domestication of animals
information society
societies based on the production of nonmaterial goods and services.
industrial societies
societies characterized by a reliance on mechanized labor to create material goods.
hunter-gatherer societies
societies that depend on hunting wild animals and gathering uncultivated plants for survival
feudal societies
societies that operate on a strict hierarchal system system of power based on land ownership and protection
agricultural societies
societies that rely on farming as a way of life
which of the following occupations is a person of power most likely to have in an information society?
software engineer
role strain
stress that occurs when too much is required of a single role
Which of the following fictional societies is an example of a pastoral society?
the Hunti, a wandering group of nomads who specialize in breeding and training horses.
institutionalization
the act of implanting a convention or norm into a society
collective consciousness
the communal beliefs, morals, and attitudes of a society
role performance
the expression of a role
habitualization
the idea that society was constructed by us and those before us, and it is followed like a habit
proletariat
the laborers in a society
Paco knows that women find him attractive, and hes never it hard to get a date. But as he ages, he dyes his hair to hide the gray and wears clothes that camouflage the weight he has put on. Paco's behavior can be best explained by the concept of ________.
the looking glass self.
bourgeousie
the owners of the means of production in a society
status
the responsibilities and benefits that a person experiences according to their rank and role in society
achieved status
the status a person chooses, such as a level of education or income
ascribed status
the status outside of a person's control, such as sex or race
role conflict
where one or more of an individual's roles clash
