soc ch 5

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The Protestant work ethic is based on the concept of predestination, which states that ________.

God has already chosen those who will be saved and those who will be damned.

The concept of the iron cage was popularized by which of the following sociological thinkers?

Max Weber

rationalization

a belief that modern society should be built around logic and efficiency rather than morality or tradition

false consciousness

a person's beliefs and ideology are in conflict with her best interests

anomie

a situation in which a society no longer has the support of a firm collective consciousness

iron cage

a situation in which an individual is trapped by social institutions

Which of the following best depicts Marx's concept of alienation from the process of one's labor?

a supermarket cashier always scans store coupons before company coupons because she was taught to do it that way.

organic solidarity

a type of social order based around the acceptance of economic and social differences

mechanical solidarity

a type of social order maintained by the collective consciousness of a culture

role-set

an array of roles attached to a particular status

self-fulfilling prophecy

an idea that comes true when acted upon

alienation

an individual's isolation from his sense of society, his work, and his sense of self

According to Marx, the ____ own the means of production in a society.

bourgeosie

class consciousness

consciousness of a person's rank in society

Emile Durkheims ideas about society can best be descirbes as...

functionalist

According to Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann, society is based on _______.

habitual actions

Which of the following societies were the first to have permanent residents?

horticultural

social integration

how strongly a person is connected to his or her social group

Organic solidarity is most likely to exist in which of the following types of societies?

industrial

looking-glass self

our reflection of how we think we appear to others

roles

patterns of behavior that are representative of a person's social status

mary works full time at an office downtown while her young children stay at a neighbors house. Shes just learned that the childcare provider is leaving the country. Mary has succumbed to pressure to volunteer at her church, plus her ailing mother in law will be moving in with her next month. Which of the following is likely to occur as Mary tries to balance her existing and new responsibilities?

role strain

horticultural societies

societies based around the cultivation of plants

pastoral societies

societies based around the domestication of animals

information society

societies based on the production of nonmaterial goods and services.

industrial societies

societies characterized by a reliance on mechanized labor to create material goods.

hunter-gatherer societies

societies that depend on hunting wild animals and gathering uncultivated plants for survival

feudal societies

societies that operate on a strict hierarchal system system of power based on land ownership and protection

agricultural societies

societies that rely on farming as a way of life

which of the following occupations is a person of power most likely to have in an information society?

software engineer

role strain

stress that occurs when too much is required of a single role

Which of the following fictional societies is an example of a pastoral society?

the Hunti, a wandering group of nomads who specialize in breeding and training horses.

institutionalization

the act of implanting a convention or norm into a society

collective consciousness

the communal beliefs, morals, and attitudes of a society

role performance

the expression of a role

habitualization

the idea that society was constructed by us and those before us, and it is followed like a habit

proletariat

the laborers in a society

Paco knows that women find him attractive, and hes never it hard to get a date. But as he ages, he dyes his hair to hide the gray and wears clothes that camouflage the weight he has put on. Paco's behavior can be best explained by the concept of ________.

the looking glass self.

bourgeousie

the owners of the means of production in a society

status

the responsibilities and benefits that a person experiences according to their rank and role in society

achieved status

the status a person chooses, such as a level of education or income

ascribed status

the status outside of a person's control, such as sex or race

role conflict

where one or more of an individual's roles clash


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