sociology

looking-glass self

Cooley's concept that individuals use others as mirrors and base their conceptions of themselves on what is reflected back to them during social interaction

self

a person's conscious recognition that they are a distinct individual who is part of a larger society

status

a position in a social hierarchy that comes with a set of expectations

degradation ceremony

a process in which an individual is stripped of their former self, publicly stigmatized, and assigned a new identity

role conflict

a situation in which contradictory, competing, or incompatible expectations are placed on an individual by two or more roles held at the same time

ascribed status

a status assigned at birth that cannot be changed

embodied status

a status generated by physical characteristics

achieved status

a status that is acquired or earned as the result of personal accomplishment and merit

social construct

an idea that has been created and accepted by the people in a society

rites of passage

ceremonies that symbolically acknowledge transitions from one life stage to another

personality

dominant pattern of attitudes, feelings, and behaviors

role taking emotions

feelings and certain emotions shown for a role in a given situation

hidden curriculum

informal, unintended, and unwritten non-academic knowledge gained from peers ex. having a work ethic, listening to authority, punctuality

Resocialization

learning a radically different set of norms, attitudes, values, beliefs, and behaviors

anticipatory socialization

learning designed to prepare an individual for the fulfillment of future statuses and roles

total institutions

places where people carry out virtually all of their activities

agency

the capacity of an individual to actively and independently choose and to affect change; free will

social learning theory

the idea that much human behavior is learned from modeling others

primary socialization

the learning of human characteristics and behaviors and the development of a concept of self

situated self

the self that emerges in a particular situation

role

the set of behaviors expected of someone because of their status