Sociology Chapter 11: The Economy and Work

individuals

micro

communism

no private property, no class distinctions

Globalization

refers to the cultural and economic changes resulting from dramatically increased international trade and exchange in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries

Information Revolution

refers to the recent social revolution made possible by the development of the microchip in the 1970s, which brought about vast improvements in the ability to manage information

The various ways that workers find to express discontent and cope with their working environments are called

resistance strategies

The ways in which workers express discontent with their working conditions and try to reclaim control of the conditions of their labor are called

resistance strategies.

The dominant form of work in the Postindustrial Age is

service work.

socialism

collective ownership and distribution, government regulated

Labor unions are best characterized as a form of

collective resistance strategy.

Agricultural Revolution

included social and economic changes, population increases, and increased efficiency of food production.

Lawrence works as an urban planner for several cities in Florida. According to the text, Lawrence is considered a(n)

knowledge worker.

society

macro

The rapid transformation of social life resulting from the technological and economic developments that began with the assembly line, steam power, and urbanization was called the

Industrial Revolution.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of capitalism?

It is based on government regulation of the economy.

Sweatshop

a workplace where workers are subject to below-standard wages, long hours, and poor working conditions

resistance strategies

are ways in which workers express discontent with their working conditions and try to reclaim control of the conditions of their labor.

independent (or third) sector

composed of nonprofit organizations and their workers and volunteers

contingent and alternative workforce

comprised of people working in temporary and freelance positions or as independent contractors

Consider the three major theoretical perspectives routinely explored throughout the text. Which theoretical perspective might note that many service workers are tenuously connected to the workforce and thus hesitate to assert their rights, which makes them less powerful?

conflict theory

Workers who telecommute from home tend to be less efficient and productive than those who work in the office.

false

capitalism

free market competition, production for profit

While preparing for a garage sale, Jules notices that most of her grandmother's clothes were made in the United States while most of her own were made overseas. This exemplifies

globalization

The contingent and alternative workforce has __________ over the past several decades.

grown exponentially

Communism

is a system of government that eliminates private property and is the most extreme form of socialism because all citizens work for the government and there are no class distinctions.

Socialism

is an economic system based on the collective ownership of the means of production, collective distribution of goods and services, and government regulation of the economy

Industrial Revolution

rapidly transformed social life through technological and economic developments, including the assembly line, steam power, and urbanization

Which era began in the 1970s with the development of the microchip, including microprocessors used in computers and other electronic devices?

the Information Revolution

Annie volunteers at a local "fair trade" store, which is a nonprofit organization that supports human rights. What part of the economy does Annie support?

the independent or third sector

Alienation

the sense of dissatisfaction the modern worker feels as a result of producing goods that are owned and controlled by someone else.

knowledge work

which involves working with information

service work

which often involves direct contact with clients, customers, patients, or students

Outsourcing

•"contracting out" or transferring to another country the labor that a company might otherwise have employed its own staff to perform)

Capitalism

•An economic system based on the laws of free market competition, privatization of the means of production, and production for a profit, with an emphasis on supply and demand as a means to set price •Encourages efficiency, new technologies, the expansion of markets, and cost cutting