Sociology chapter 12 review

About what percent of all campaign funds come from PACs

25%

What basic questions must societies address when deciding how best to use their limited resources?

What goods and services should be produced, How should these goods and services be produced, for whom should these goods and services be produced.

What is proportional representation?

allows for minority viewpoints to have a voice in government

Which type of government would have a leader who would be hard to remove

authoritarian

corporation

business organization that is owned by stockholders

What is another word for free-enterprise systems

capitalism

What stage in life does political socialization begin?

childhood

What is a great way for a company to automate its purchases?

e-commerce

primary sector

economic sector that deals with the extraction of raw materials from the environment

capitalism

economic system in which individuals own the factors of production

communism

economic system in which property is communally owned

What would be a socialist viewpoint?

equal access to goods and services cannot be guaranteed if the means of production are owned by individuals

What are the issues that affect voter participation

gender does not affect

Who controls the economic planning in a democratic socialist country?

individuals maintain control of economic planning through elections

Which term did Adam Smith use to describe the interplay between supply and demand

invisible hand

Technological advances are eliminating what kinds of jobs?

less-skilled

Who do interest groups employ to directly work with government officials to get their point across.

lobbyist

pluralist model

model that states that the political process is controlled by interest groups that compete with one another

The US has 2 parties. What do most other democracies have?

multi-party system

What is one of the chief consequences of corporate capitalism? The growth of....

oligopolies

political party

organization that seeks to gain power through legitimate means

What is charismatic authority based on

personal traits

traditional authority

power that is based on long-standing custom

charismatic authority

power that is based on the personal characteristics of an individual

What are the types of economic societies?

pre-industrial, industrial, and post-industrial

Which economic society would hunting and gathering societies be categorized in?

preindustrial

What is it called when Congress limits the number of foreign cars imported to the US

quotas

What type of corporations are managed by its stockholders

small corporations

What are some ways to limit power in a democracy?

spread power over many different groups

proportional representation

system in which the percentage of popular votes corresponds to the percentage of seats won by a party

political institution

system of roles and norms that governs the distribution of resources and exercise of power in society

What is coercion?

taking away someone's rights-denying citizens the right to vote

What is the most extreme form of authoritarianism?

totalitarianism