Sociology Chapter 4: Socialization
middle years
(ages 30-49) most adults become more confident of their life goals and experience reorientation
old age
(ages 65-75) common things that happen in this stage are the feeling of time closing in, the mind and body failing, and doubts about their lifetime
Genie
A girl who was locked up for 14 years and when she was found, she had missed the critical period where she could have learned language so she could not speak or learn how to
reference groups
Group whose norms and values are used to guide behavior; group with whom you identify
imitation stage
Mead's first stage in the development of role taking; children begin to imitate behaviors without understanding why
play stage
Mead's second stage in the development of role taking; children act in ways they imagine other people would
game stage
Mead's third stage in the development of role taking; children anticipate the actions of others based on social rules
anticipatory socialization
The voluntary process of preparing to accept new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors
1. family 2. religion 3. school 4. peer groups 5. mass media
What are all the agents of socialization?
transitional adulthood
a period after high school when young adults have not yet assumed the responsibilities usually associated with adulthood
childhood
a subjective concept that is socially constructed and depends on location, time period, and culture
self concept
an image of yourself as having an identity separate from other people
looking-glass self
an image of yourself based on what you believe others think of you
role taking
assuming the viewpoint of another person and using that viewpoint to shape the self-concept
objective standards
based on facts; not distorted by personal feelings
Isabelle
hidden from people because her mother was unmarried- progressed much more than anna- possibly because of her mother staying with her
cultural transmission
how we learn to participate ib a groip
generalized other
integrated conception of the norms, values, and beliefs of one's community or society (you understand how to act based on what you have learned through socialization)
mass media
means of communication designed to reach the general population
total institutions
places where residents are separated from the rest of society and controlled by officials in charge
invisible religion
religious values that have been adopted by society and are no longer values that are specific to religion
rights of passage (ex: intimacy, parenthood, and jobs)
rituals marking the passage from one status to another
peer group
set of individuals of roughly the same age and interests
adolescence
stage of development between childhood and adulthood (usually the teenage years) where the person is not dependent, yet not independent
hidden curriculum
the informal and unofficial aspects of culture that children are taught in school
"me"
the part of the self formed by socialization- usually the first to act in social situations
"I"
the part of the self that accounts for unlearned spontaneous acts- the part of you that is controlled by the other
desocialization
the process by which people give up old norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors
resocialization
the process of learning new norms, values, attitudes, and behavior
Socialization
the process of learning to participate in a group
life cycle
the stages of development individuals pass through between birth and death
Propoganda
the use of ideas, information, or rumors to influence opinion
social isolation
this will cause both cognitive and physical development issues
significant others
those people whose reactions are most important to your self-concept
Anna
tied to a chair in a storage room for 5 years- had the intelligence of a 2 year old as a 7 year old
process
to sociologists, death is a ....
- puberty and an increase in risk taking behavior challenges: 1. undefined social status 2. decision making 3. increase in feelings of pressure 4. finding and defining the self and identity
what are the changes that mark adolescence and the challenges that a teen must face during this stage
1. denial 2. anger 3. bargaining 4. depression 5. acceptance
what are the five stages of grieving with the process of dying?
1. self concept 2. looking glass self 3. significant other 4. role taking 5. generalized other
what are the five symbolic-interactionism concepts to explain socialization?
1. childhood 2. adolescence 3. transitional adulthood 4. 5. 6.
what are the stages of the life cycle?
1. imitation stage 2. play stage 3. game stage
what are the three stages of Mead's theory of role taking?
1. we imagine how others see us 2. we imagine what others perceive us as 3. we modify our perceptions of ourselves based on what we thing others think of us
what are the three steps of the looking glass self
reference groups
what does anticipatory socialization usually begin with?
people need to be on the same page to prevent chaos and confusion looks at groups of people (macro)
what is the definition of socialization based on functionalism?
Views socialization as a way of perpetuating the status quo- is a tool that institutions use to make people accept their social statuses looks at groups of people (macro)
what is the definition of socialization based on the conflict perspective?
looks at the individual and how we act in society (micro)
what is the definition of socialization based on the symbolic interactionism?
our imaginations can distort others perceptions and our own perceptions of ourselves
what is the negative side of the looking glass self?
we are given right/wrong models of behavior, but mass media can also provide false expectations and standards for our ways of life
what is the role of mass media in our socialization?
we are exposed to other ideas and values that aren't given to us by our parents and how to function in groups
what is the role of peer groups in socialization?
we learn morals and values and how to participate in groups
what is the role of religion in our socialization?
we learn based on objective standards along with hidden curriculum
what is the role of schools in our socialization?
an ongoing process
what kind of process is socialization?
their focus changes from the past and all of their achievements to how much time they have left
what kind of reorientation do adults experience in the middle years?
we learn a strong base on how to act, how we think of ourselves, how we form relationships, how to treat others, etc.
what role does family play in socialization?
