Sociology Chapter 4: Socialization

middle years

(ages 30-49) most adults become more confident of their life goals and experience reorientation

old age

(ages 65-75) common things that happen in this stage are the feeling of time closing in, the mind and body failing, and doubts about their lifetime

Genie

A girl who was locked up for 14 years and when she was found, she had missed the critical period where she could have learned language so she could not speak or learn how to

reference groups

Group whose norms and values are used to guide behavior; group with whom you identify

imitation stage

Mead's first stage in the development of role taking; children begin to imitate behaviors without understanding why

play stage

Mead's second stage in the development of role taking; children act in ways they imagine other people would

game stage

Mead's third stage in the development of role taking; children anticipate the actions of others based on social rules

anticipatory socialization

The voluntary process of preparing to accept new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors

1. family 2. religion 3. school 4. peer groups 5. mass media

What are all the agents of socialization?

transitional adulthood

a period after high school when young adults have not yet assumed the responsibilities usually associated with adulthood

childhood

a subjective concept that is socially constructed and depends on location, time period, and culture

self concept

an image of yourself as having an identity separate from other people

looking-glass self

an image of yourself based on what you believe others think of you

role taking

assuming the viewpoint of another person and using that viewpoint to shape the self-concept

objective standards

based on facts; not distorted by personal feelings

Isabelle

hidden from people because her mother was unmarried- progressed much more than anna- possibly because of her mother staying with her

cultural transmission

how we learn to participate ib a groip

generalized other

integrated conception of the norms, values, and beliefs of one's community or society (you understand how to act based on what you have learned through socialization)

mass media

means of communication designed to reach the general population

total institutions

places where residents are separated from the rest of society and controlled by officials in charge

invisible religion

religious values that have been adopted by society and are no longer values that are specific to religion

rights of passage (ex: intimacy, parenthood, and jobs)

rituals marking the passage from one status to another

peer group

set of individuals of roughly the same age and interests

adolescence

stage of development between childhood and adulthood (usually the teenage years) where the person is not dependent, yet not independent

hidden curriculum

the informal and unofficial aspects of culture that children are taught in school

"me"

the part of the self formed by socialization- usually the first to act in social situations

"I"

the part of the self that accounts for unlearned spontaneous acts- the part of you that is controlled by the other

desocialization

the process by which people give up old norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors

resocialization

the process of learning new norms, values, attitudes, and behavior

Socialization

the process of learning to participate in a group

life cycle

the stages of development individuals pass through between birth and death

Propoganda

the use of ideas, information, or rumors to influence opinion

social isolation

this will cause both cognitive and physical development issues

significant others

those people whose reactions are most important to your self-concept

Anna

tied to a chair in a storage room for 5 years- had the intelligence of a 2 year old as a 7 year old

process

to sociologists, death is a ....

- puberty and an increase in risk taking behavior challenges: 1. undefined social status 2. decision making 3. increase in feelings of pressure 4. finding and defining the self and identity

what are the changes that mark adolescence and the challenges that a teen must face during this stage

1. denial 2. anger 3. bargaining 4. depression 5. acceptance

what are the five stages of grieving with the process of dying?

1. self concept 2. looking glass self 3. significant other 4. role taking 5. generalized other

what are the five symbolic-interactionism concepts to explain socialization?

1. childhood 2. adolescence 3. transitional adulthood 4. 5. 6.

what are the stages of the life cycle?

1. imitation stage 2. play stage 3. game stage

what are the three stages of Mead's theory of role taking?

1. we imagine how others see us 2. we imagine what others perceive us as 3. we modify our perceptions of ourselves based on what we thing others think of us

what are the three steps of the looking glass self

reference groups

what does anticipatory socialization usually begin with?

people need to be on the same page to prevent chaos and confusion looks at groups of people (macro)

what is the definition of socialization based on functionalism?

Views socialization as a way of perpetuating the status quo- is a tool that institutions use to make people accept their social statuses looks at groups of people (macro)

what is the definition of socialization based on the conflict perspective?

looks at the individual and how we act in society (micro)

what is the definition of socialization based on the symbolic interactionism?

our imaginations can distort others perceptions and our own perceptions of ourselves

what is the negative side of the looking glass self?

we are given right/wrong models of behavior, but mass media can also provide false expectations and standards for our ways of life

what is the role of mass media in our socialization?

we are exposed to other ideas and values that aren't given to us by our parents and how to function in groups

what is the role of peer groups in socialization?

we learn morals and values and how to participate in groups

what is the role of religion in our socialization?

we learn based on objective standards along with hidden curriculum

what is the role of schools in our socialization?

an ongoing process

what kind of process is socialization?

their focus changes from the past and all of their achievements to how much time they have left

what kind of reorientation do adults experience in the middle years?

we learn a strong base on how to act, how we think of ourselves, how we form relationships, how to treat others, etc.

what role does family play in socialization?