sociology chapter 5
_____________ are earned or accomplished.
Achieved statuses
When we look at facial expression, posture, and gestures to understand how to react to someone, we are examining their___________
Body language
Which of the following is not a master status? a) age b) wealth c) student d) sex
C) student
organic solidarity pg 120
Durkheim's term for the interdependence that results from the division of labor; as part of the same unit, we all depend on others to fulfill their jobs
mechanical solidarity pg 120
Durkheim's term for the unity (a shared consciousness) that people feel as a result of performing the same or similar tasks
___________ is the study of how people use background assumptions to make sense out of life.
Ethnomethodology
Body language, eye contact, and smiling are types of social interaction that functionalists would study.
False
Eye contact, smiling, and body language are topics that sociologists are not interested in studying.
False
Hall's "distance zones" are applicable to every culture.
False
What is the term for a type of society in which life is intimate?
Gemeinschaft
As societies change from small insulated groups to large societies impacted by globalization, people begin to have relationships that are short-term and impersonal. This is an example of ____________
Gesellschaft
what is the term for a type of society that is dominated by impersonal relationships, individual accomplishments, and self-interest?
Gesellschaft
___________ is defined as people's efforts to control the impressions that others receive of them.
Impression management
______________________ is defined as people's efforts to control the impressions that others receive of them
Impression management
__________ is/are the organized or standard ways by which society meets its basic needs.
Social institutions
__________ is/are the organized or standard ways which society meets its basic needs
Social institutions
________________ study face-to-face interactions such as personal space, eye contact, ans body language.
Symbolic interactionists
A status set is comprised of all of the statuses or positions that an individual occupies.
True
The Thomas theorem has also become known as "the definition of the situation."
True
When we use background assumptions to define what is real we are socially constructing our reality.
True
Thomas theorem pg 135
William I. and Dorothy S. Thomas' classic formulation of the definition of the situation: "If people define situation as real, they are real in their consequences."
When you retreat to your bedroom and close your door, you are entering______
a back stage
The practice of washing your hands after using the bathroom is an example of _____________
a background assumption
which of the following is an example of Gemeinschaft?
a community in which everyone knows everyone else
background assumption pg 133
a deeply embedded, common understanding of how the world operates and of how people ought to act
ascribed status pg 112
a position an individual either inherits at birth or receives involuntarily later in life
achieved status pg 112
a position that is earned, accomplished, or involves at least some effort or activity of the individual's part
master status pg 112
a status that cuts across or dominates someone's other statuses
gemeinschaft pg 121
a type of society in which life is intimate; a community in which everyone knows everyone else and people share a sense of togetherness
gesellschaft pg 121
a type of society that is dominated by impersonal relationships, individual accomplishments, and self-interest
One's status as a thief is an __________ status.
achieved
Student, friend, and lawyer are examples of _____________
achieved statuses
Student, school dropout, wife, and ex-spouse are all examples of _____
achieved statuses
status set pg 111
all the statuses or positions that an individual occupies
dramaturgy pg 128
an approach, pioneered by Erving Goffman, in which social life is analyzed in terms of drama or the stage; also called dramaturgical analysis
macrosociology pg. 106
analysis of social life that focuses on broad features of society, such as social class and the relationships of groups to one another; usually used by functionalists and conflict theorists
microsociology pg. 107
analysis of social life that focuses on social interaction; typically used by symbolic interactionists
Sex and race-ethnicity are examples of __________
ascribed statuses
If you were to barter with a clerk in a grocery store, you would be breaking a ____
background assumption
You wake up and walk into the kitchen to get breakfast and encounter your roommates sitting on the floor of the kitchen eating their breakfast. Your roommates are breaking a ____________ that breakfast should be eaten at the kitchen table and not on the floor.
background assumption
Intimate distance, personal distance, social distance, and public distance are all types of ___________ that Hall observes in North America.
basic distance zones
role conflict pg 129
conflicts that someone feels between roles because the expectations are at odds with one another
role strain pg 129
conflicts that someone feels within a role
A group's language, beliefs, values, behavior, gestures, and the material objects it uses refer to ________
culture
What is the term for the splitting of a society's tasks into specialties?
division of labor
in the US it is common that people work eight hours a day, five days a week. This is an example of the impact of which social institution?
economy
What is the term for he study of how people use commonsense understandings to make sense out of life?
ethnomethodology
what is the term that functionalists use to describe that five basic needs of societies?
functional requisites
A society that uses contracts instead of handshakes is an example of____
gesellschaft
social class pg 111
large numbers of people who have similar amounts of income and education and who work at jobs that are roughly comparable in prestige.
Your friends are going to the beach, but you have been scheduled to work a shift at your part time job. you need the money from your job to help pay for your tuition. your friends is also scheduled to work, but her parents are able to pay for her tuition. your friend decided to skip work and go to the beach. this is an example of how your _________ in the social structure determine(s) your behavior.
location
social structure gives direction to and sets limits on our behavior, and your ___________ in the social structure will influence your behaviors and attitudes.
location
Analyzing broad features of society such as social class and the relationship of groups to one another is the focus of which level of sociological analysis?
macrosocilogy
A sociologist studying social class is focused on what level of analysis?
macrosociology
A status that dominates someone's other statuses is called a ___________
master status
Social integration for small groups occurs when people perform similar tasks. Durkheim called this__________
mechanical solidarity
The Amish way of life is an example of __________
mechanical solidarity
Sociologists studding the body language of individuals as a funeral are focused on what level of analysis?
microsociology
Symbolic interactionists utilize which level of sociological analysis?
microsociology
Which of the levels of sociological analysis would you be utilizing if you decided to observe that interactions of people in a dentist office?
microsociology
A society that depends on one another to contribute to various groups through their specific work is exhibiting what form of solidarity?
organic solidarity
Which of the following would be the most obvious example of people who are socially constructing reality?
people who are considering it okay for someone to tear down a wall in their house because that person is a building contractor
group pg 111
people who have something in common and who believe that what they have in common is significant; also called a social group
impression pg 128
people's efforts to control the impressions that others receive of them
front stages pg 128
places where people give performances
back stages pg 129
places where people rest from their performances, discuss their presentations, and plan future performances
Which of the following is an example of the conflict perspective?
powerful group manipulate social institutions to maintain their own privilege positions.
status inconsistency pg 113
ranking high on some dimensions of social status and low on others; also called status discrepancy
Your boss had called to tell you need to cover shift on the same night that your family will be celebrating your brother's birthday. You are experiencing_____
role conflict
You are in a doctor's office and are wearing a gown that opens in the back. these two items are what Erving Goffman called___________
sign-vehicles
A sociologist that utilizes the macrosociological level of analysis might study___________
social class
Your friend believes in ghosts, as does the rest of her family. Neither you nor your family members believe that ghosts exist. through her interactions with her family at life. This is an example of the ___________
social construction of reality
The military, family, and religion are examples of _________
social institutions
Which of the following refers to the framework that gives direction to and sets limits on our behavior?
social structure
Which of the following refers to the framework that gives direction to and sets limits on our behaviors?
social structure
Your friends are going to the beach, but you have been scheduled to work a shift at your part time job. you need the money from your job to help pay for your tuition. this is an example how __________ set(s) limits on your behavior.
social structure
A(n) __________ is the position someone occupies in a social group.
status
A police uniform is an example of a _____
status symbol
Body language, eye contact, and personal space are narrow parts of social life. these narrow parts of social life are areas of research that are of interest to _____
symbolic interactionists
face-saving behavior pg 131
techniques used to salvage a performance (interaction) that is going sour
roles pg 113
the behaviors, obligations, and privileges attached to a status
social integration pg 120
the degree to which members of a group or a society are united by shared values and other social bonds; also know as social cohesion
social structure pg. 108
the framework of society that surrounds us; consists of the ways that people and groups are related to one another; this framework gives direction to and sets limits on our behavior
social institutions pg 116
the organized, usual, or standard ways by which society meets its basic needs.
status pg 111
the position that someone occupies in a social group ( also called social status)
Differences in behavior and attitudes are due not to biology, but to peoples location in ______________
the social structure
Differences in behavior are attitudes are due not to biology, but to people's location in
the social structure
division of labor pg 120
the splitting of a group's or a society's tasks into specialties
ethnomethodology pg 133
the study of how people use background assumptions to make sense out of life
sing-vehicle pg 129
the term used by Goffman to refer to the social setting, appearance, and manner, which people use to communicate information about the self
the social construction of reality pg 136
the use of background assumptions and life experiences to define what is real
body language pg 126
the ways in which people use their bodies to give messages to others
role performance pg 129
the ways in which someone performs a role; showing a particular "style" or "personality"
status symbols pg 112
things that identify a status, such as titles ( professor, doctor), a wedding ring, or a uniform
According to Hall, (pg 123) the personal distance zone requires more distance than the intimate distance zone.
true
Feminist sociologists, using conflict theory, view gender as a part of the social structure. This means that society divides females and males into separate groups that have unequal access to society's resources.
true
Science, the military, and the economy are all examples of social institutions.
true
Symbolic interactionists use the term teamwork to refer to the collaboration of two or more people to manage impressions jointly.
true
teamwork pg 131
two or more people working together to manage impressions jointly
social interaction pg. 107
what people do when they are in one another's presence; includes communications at a distance
