Sociology chapter 8

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conspicuous consumption

buying and using products to make a statement about social standing

Which of these systems allows for the most social mobility?

class

The behaviors, customs, and norms associated with a class are known as:

class traits

global stratification

compares wealth, economic stability, status and power of countries across the world

Unlike Davis and Moore, Melvin Tumin believed that, because of social stratification, some qualified people were _________ higher-level job positions.

denied the opportunity to obtain

When Karl Marx said workers experience alienation, he meant that workers:

do not feel connected to their work

Based on meritocracy, a physician's assistant would:

earn a pay raise for doing excellent work

Conflict theorists view capitalists as those who:

get rich while workers stay poor

Status inconsistency

high prestige, low power

Kshatriyas

kings and warriors

exogamous marriages

members are from different social categories

endogamous marriages

members have same social background

Vaishyas

merchants and farmers

In the United States, most people define themselves as:

middle class

Wealth

money and economic assets

Occupational prestige means that jobs are:

not equally valued

Shudras

peasants and laborers,craftspeople

Dalits

poor, untouchables, menial and unpleasant jobs

Number one reason for human trafficking

prostitution

Social stratification is a system that:

ranks society members into categories

The basic premise of the Davis-Moore thesis is that the unequal distribution of rewards in social stratification:

serves a purpose in society

Power

the ability of individuals to achieve goals, control events, and maintain influence over others despite opposition.

The GNI PPP figure represents:

the average annual income of a country's citizens

Life chances

the extent to which people have positive experiences and can secure good things in life

standard of living

the level of wealth available to a certain socioeconomic class in order to acquire the material necessities and comforts to maintain its lifestyle

Which statement illustrates low status consistency?

A college dropout launches an online company that earns millions in its first year

Social stratification

A hierarchal ranking of people who have different access to valued resources

Open stratification system

A social class is a category of people who have a similar rank based on wealth, education, power, and prestige

Which statement represents stratification from the perspective of symbolic interactionism?

After work, Pat, a janitor, feels more comfortable eating in a truck stop than a French restaurant.

Which of the following scenarios is an example of intergenerational mobility?

An executive belongs to a different class than her parents.

Which caste is composed of educated priests and scholars?

Brahmins

Which person best illustrates opportunities for upward social mobility in the United States?

First-generation college student

Indian caste system

Indian system is classic example of a caste system. Outlawed in 1949. Social distinctions persist.

Closed: stratification system

Mobility is limited due to ascribed statuses - sex, skin color, family background

What factor makes caste systems closed?

People cannot change their social standings.

Which graphic concept best illustrates the concept of social stratification?

Pyramid

Prestige

Respect, recognition, or regard

Closed: caste system

Social categories are based on heredity.

Social class

a grouping based on similar social factors like wealth, income, education, and occupation

Structural mobility occurs when:

a large group moves up or down the class ladder due to societal changes

primogeniture

a law stating that all property passes to the firstborn son

Power elite

a small group of white men who make the important decisions in the U.S society

Socioeconomic status (SES)

an overall rankings of peoples positions based on their income, education,and occupation

Meritocracy

another system of social stratification in which personal effort-or merit- determines social standing

What factor makes class systems open?

They allow for movement between the classes.


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