Sociology Final Exam
Which is not one of functionalism's four main purposes of government? Maintaining law and order Meeting social needs Equally distributing resources Planning and directing society
Equally distributing resources
Slavery in the pre-Civil War U.S. South most closely resembled chattel slavery debt bondage relative poverty peonage
chattel slavery
In the 115th Congress of the United States, what percentage of the elected officials were women? 10.5% 21.2% 30.4% 50%
21.2%
Which of the following scenarios is an example of intragenerational mobility? A janitor belongs to the same social class as his grandmother did. An executive belongs to a different class than her parents. An editor shares the same social class as his cousin. A lawyer belongs to a different class than her sister.
A lawyer belongs to a different class than her sister.
Which statement illustrates low status consistency? A suburban family lives in a modest ranch home and enjoys a nice vacation each summer. A single mother receives food stamps and struggles to find adequate employment. A college dropout launches an online company that earns millions in its first year. A celebrity actor owns homes in three countries.
A single mother receives food stamps and struggles to find adequate employment.
According to national surveys, most U.S. parents support which type of sex education program in school? Abstinence only Abstinence plus sexual safety Sexual safety without promoting abstinence No sex education
Abstinence plus sexual safety
Which statement represents stratification from the perspective of symbolic interactionism? Men often earn more than women, even working the same job. After work, Pat, a janitor, feels more comfortable eating in a truck stop than a French restaurant. Doctors earn more money because their job is more highly valued. Teachers continue to struggle to keep benefits such as health insurance.
After work, Pat, a janitor, feels more comfortable eating in a truck stop than a French restaurant.
Which subordinate group is often referred to as the "model minority?" African Americans Asian Americans White ethnic Americans Native Americans
Asian Americans
What is discrimination? Biased thoughts against an individual or group Biased actions against an individual or group Belief that a race different from yours is inferior Another word for stereotyping
Biased actions against an individual or group
Which of the following is an example of a numerical majority being treated as a subordinate group? Jewish people in Germany Creoles in New Orleans White people in Brazil Black people under apartheid in South Africa
Black people under apartheid in South Africa
The government of __________ blocks citizens' access to popular new media sites like Facebook, YouTube, and Twitter. China India Afghanistan Australia
China
Which of these systems allows for the most social mobility? Caste Monarchy Meritocracy Class
Class
The idea that gender inequality comes from the division of labor fits with which Sociological theory? Symbolic Interactionism Functionalism Conflict Theory Feminist Theory
Conflict Theory
France might be classified as which kind of nation? Global Core Semi-peripheral Peripheral
Core
Only women are affected by gender stratification. True False
False
Prior to the 19th Amendment being ratified, women were not considered a legal person on their own. True False
False
Which person best illustrates opportunities for upward social mobility in the United States? First-shift factory worker First-generation college student Firstborn son who inherits the family business First-time interviewee who is hired for a job
First-generation college student
To which theoretical perspective does the following statement most likely apply: Women continue to assume the responsibility in the household along with a paid occupation because it keeps the household running smoothly, i.e., at a state of balance? Conflict theory Functionalism Feminist theory Symbolic interactionism
Functionalism
Which theoretical perspective stresses the importance of regulating sexual behavior to ensure marital cohesion and family stability? Functionalism Conflict theory Symbolic interactionalism Queer theory
Functionalism
Which intergroup relation displays the least tolerance? Segregation Assimilation Genocide Expulsion
Genocide
Which of the following is the best explanation of racism as a social fact? It needs to be eradicated by laws. It is like a magic pill. It does not need the actions of individuals to continue. None of the above
It does not need the actions of individuals to continue.
What is the one defining feature of a minority group? Self-definition Numerical minority Lack of power Strong cultural identity
Lack of power
In Erik Erikson's developmental stages of life, with which challenge must older people struggle? Overcoming despair to achieve integrity Overcoming role confusion to achieve identity Overcoming isolation to achieve intimacy Overcoming shame to achieve autonomy
Overcoming despair to achieve integrity
Which of the following is the best example of the role peers play as an agent of socialization for school-aged children? Children can act however they wish around their peers because children are unaware of gender roles. Peers serve as a support system for children who wish to act outside of their assigned gender roles. Peers tend to reinforce gender roles by criticizing and marginalizing those who behave outside of their assigned roles. None of the above
Peers tend to reinforce gender roles by criticizing and marginalizing those who behave outside of their assigned roles.
What factor makes caste systems closed? They are run by secretive governments. People cannot change their social standing. Most have been outlawed. They exist only in rural areas.
People cannot change their social standing.
What intergroup relationship is represented by the "salad bowl" metaphor? Assimilation Pluralism Amalgamation Segregation
Pluralism
What doctrine justified legal segregation in the South? Jim Crow Plessy v. Ferguson De jure Separate but equal
Separate but equal
Of these, which country is thought to be the most liberal in its attitudes toward sex? United States Sweden Mexico Ireland
Sweden
When it comes to technology, media, and society, which of the following is true? Media can influence technology, but not society. Technology created media, but society has nothing to do with these. Technology, media, and society are bound and cannot be separated. Society influences media but is not connected to technology.
Technology, media, and society are bound and cannot be separated.
Which federal act or program was designed to allow more Hispanic American immigration, not block it? The Bracero Program Immigration Reform and Control Act Operation Wetback SB 1070
The Bracero Program
Which event created a significant divide between Western Europe/America and the rest of the world? The Industrial Revolution The American Revolution The Reformation World War I
The Industrial Revolution
Which of the following is not a form of new media? The cable television program Yellowstone Wikipedia Snapchat A cooking blog written by Rachael Ray
The cable television program Yellowstone
Which of the following is not a risk of media globalization? The creation of cultural and ideological biases The creation of local monopolies The risk of cultural imperialism The loss of local culture
The creation of local monopolies
What makes Native Americans unique as a subordinate group in the United States? They are the only group that experienced expulsion. They are the only group that was segregated. They are the only group that was enslaved. They are the only group that is indigenous to the United States.
They are the only group that is indigenous to the United States.
How do traditional models of global stratification breakdown different categories of countries? They analyze the degree of industrialization. They evaluate cultural norms and social goals. They measure social mobility between classes. They use measures to assess the economic power each nation.
They use measures to assess the economic power each nation.
As a White person in the United States, being reasonably sure that you will be dealing with authority figures of the same race as you is a result of: intersection theory conflict theory White privilege scapegoating theory
White privielge
Which of the following is the best example of a gender stereotype? Women are typically shorter than men. Men do not live as long as women. Women tend to be overly emotional, while men tend to be levelheaded. Men hold more high-earning, leadership jobs than women.
Women tend to be overly emotional, while men tend to be levelheaded.
Why did most White ethnic Americans come to the United States? For a better life To escape oppression Because they were forced out of their own countries a and b only
a and b only
The GNI PPP figure represents: a country's total accumulated wealth annual government spending the average annual income of a country's citizens a country's debt
a country's total accumulated wealth
Sociologists associate sexuality with _______. a person's capacity for personal attachment sexual maturation biological factors a person's capacity for sexual feelings
a person's capacity for sexual feelings
Stereotypes can be based on: race ethnicity gender all of the above
all of the above
Ethnicity describes shared: beliefs language religion any of the above
any of the above
In the United States, life expectancy rates in recent decades have ______. continued to gradually rise gone up and down due to global issues such as military conflicts lowered as healthcare improves stayed the same since the mid-1960s
continued to gradually rise
Dependency theorists explain global inequality and global stratification by focusing on the way that: core nations and peripheral nations exploit semi-peripheral nations semi-peripheral nations exploit core nations peripheral nations exploit core nations core nations exploit peripheral nations
core nations exploit peripheral nations
Thanatology is the study of _____. life expectancy biological aging death and dying adulthood
death and dying
In a U.S. town, a mining company owns all the stores and most of the houses. It sells goods to the workers at inflated prices, offers house rentals for twice what a mortgage would be, and makes sure to always pay the workers less than needed to cover food and rent. Once the workers are in debt, they have no choice but to continue working for the company, since their skills will not transfer to a new position. This situation most closely resembles: child slavery chattel slavery debt slavery servile marriage
debt slavery (bondage)
Unlike Davis and Moore, Melvin Tumin believed that, because of social stratification, some qualified people were _______ higher-level job positions. denied the opportunity to obtain encouraged to train for often fired from forced into
denied the opportunity to obtain
A ____________ perspective theorist might find it particularly noteworthy that wealthy corporations improve the quality of life in peripheral nations by providing workers with jobs, pumping money into the local economy, and improving transportation infrastructure. functional conflict feminist symbolic interactionist
functional
When all media sources report a simplified version of the environmental impact of hydraulic fracturing, with no effort to convey the hard science and complicated statistical data behind the story, ___________ is probably occurring. gatekeeping the digital divide technophilia market segmentation
gatekeeping
The terms "masculine" and "feminine" refer to a person's _________. sex gender both sex and gender none of the above
gender
The term _______ refers to society's concept of how men and women are expected to act and how they should behave. gender role gender bias sexual orientation sexual attitudes
gender role
Conflict theorists view capitalists as those who: are ambitious fund social services spend money wisely get rich while workers stay poor
get rich while workers stay poor
America's baby Boomer generation has contributed to all of the following except: Social Security's vulnerability improved medical technology Medicaid being in danger of going bankrupt rising Medicare budgets
improved medical technology
Research indicates that individuals are aware of their sexual orientation _______. at infancy in early adolescence in early adulthood in late adulthood
in early adolescence
The history of technology began _________. in the early stages of human societies with the invention of the computer during the Renaissance during the nineteenth century
in the early stages of human societies
Today in the United States the poverty rate of the elderly is ______. lower than at any point in history increasing decreasing the same as that of the general population
increasing
One flaw in modernization theory is the unwillingness to recognize _________. that semi-peripheral nations are incapable of industrializing that peripheral nations prevent semi-peripheral nations from entering the global market its inherent ethnocentric bias the importance of semi-peripheral nations industrializing
its inherent ethnocentric bias
The ________ can be directly attributed to the digital divide, because differential ability to access the internet leads directly to a differential ability to use the knowledge found on the Internet. digital divide knowledge gap feminist perspective e-gap
knowledge gap
In most countries, elderly women ______ than elderly men. are mistreated less live a few years longer suffer fewer health problems deal with issues of aging better
live a few years longer
Comic books, Wikipedia, MTV, and a commercial for Coca-Cola are all examples of: media symbolic interaction perspective e-readiness the digital divide
media
Occupational prestige means that jobs are: all equal in status not equally valued assigned to a person for life not part of a person's self-identity
not equally valued
A parent secretly monitoring the babysitter through the use of GPS, site blocker, and nanny cam is a good example of: the social construction of reality technophilia a neo-Luddite panoptic surveillance
panoptic surveillance
The fact that your cell phone is using outdated technology within a year or two of purchase is an example of ____________. the conflict perspective conspicuous consumption media planned obsolescence
planned obsolescence
If the U.S. Patent Office were to issue a patent for a new type of tomato that tastes like a jellybean, it would be issuing a _________ patent? utility patent plant patent design patent The U.S. Patent Office does not issue a patent for plants.
plant patent
Many Arab Americans face _______________, especially after 9/11. racism segregation Islamophobia prejudice
racism/Islamophobia/prejudice
Mike, a college student, rents a studio apartment. He cannot afford a television and lives on cheap groceries like dried beans and ramen noodles. Since he does not have a regular job, he does not own a car. Mike is living in: global poverty extreme poverty subjective poverty relative poverty
relative poverty
The basic premise of the Davis-Moore thesis is that the unequal distribution of rewards in social stratification: is an outdated mode of societal organization is an artificial reflection of society serves a purpose in society cannot be justified
serves a purpose in society
The measure that compares the number of men to women in a population is ______. cohort sex ratio baby Boomer disengagement
sex ratio
The use of Facebook to create an online persona by only posting images that match your ideal self exemplifies the_____________ that can occur in forms of new media. social construction of reality cyberfeminism market segmentation referencing
social construction of reality
Speedy Gonzalez is an example of: intersection theory stereotyping interactionist view culture of prejudice
stereotyping
Faith has a full-time job and two children. She has enough money for the basics and can pay her rent each month, but she feels that, with her education and experience, her income should be enough for her family to live much better than they do. Faith is experiencing: global poverty subjective poverty extreme poverty relative poverty
subjective poverty
When Japanese scientists develop a new vaccine for swine flu and offer that technology to U.S. pharmaceutical companies, __________ has taken place. media globalization technological diffusion monetizing planned obsolescence
technological diffusion
_________ tend to be more pro-technology, while _______ view technology as a symbol of the coldness of modern life. Luddites; technophiles technophiles; Luddites cyberfeminists; technophiles liberal feminists; conflict theorists
technophiles; Luddites
One flaw in dependency theory is the unwillingness to recognize _______. that previously low-income nations such as China have successfully developed their economies and can no longer be classified as dependent on core nations that previously high-income nations such as China have been economically overpowered by low-income nations entering the global marketplace that countries such as China are growing more dependent on core nations that countries such as China do not necessarily want to be more like core nations
that previously low-income nations such as China have successfully developed their economies and can no longer be classified as dependent on core nations
For individual people of a certain culture, the life course is ________. the average age they will die the lessons they must learn the length of a typical bereavement period the typical sequence of events in their lives
the typical sequence of events in their lives
When it comes to media and technology, a functionalist would focus on: the symbols created and reproduced by the media the association of technology and technological skill with men the way that various forms of media socialize users the digital divide between the technological haves and have-nots
the way that various forms of media socialize users
What is the approximate median age of the United States? eighty-five sixty-five thirty-seven eighteen
thirty-seven
Research regarding video game violence suggests that _________. boys who play violent video games become more aggressive, but girls do not girls who play violent video games become more aggressive, but boys do not violent video games have no connection to aggressive behavior violent video games lead to an increase in aggressive thought and behavior
violent video games lead to an increase in aggressive thought and behavior
Same-sex couple households account for _____ percent of U.S. households. 1 10 15 30
1
Which of the following is the primary component of the evolutionary model of technological change? Technology should not be subject to patenting. Technology and the media evolve together. Technology can be traced back to the early stages of human society. A breakthrough in one form of technology leads to a number of variations, and technological developments.
A breakthrough in one form of technology leads to a number of variations, and technological developments.
Which of the following is an example of collective behavior? A soldier questioning orders A group of people interested in hearing an author speak A class going on a field trip Going shopping with a friend
A group of people interested in hearing an author speak
Which is not a characteristic of a democracy? People vote to elect officials. A king or queen holds the majority of governmental control. One goal of this type of government is to protect citizens' basic rights. A constitution typically outlines the foundational ideas of how this government should operate.
A king or queen holds the majority of governmental control.
The Age Discrimination in Employment Act counteracts which theory? Modernization Conflict Disengagement Age stratification
Age stratification
In what ways does religion serve the role of a social institution? Religions have a complex and integrated set of norms. Religious practices and beliefs are related to societal values. Religions often meet several basic needs. All of the above
All of the above
What do Christianity and Islam have in common? Both believe in a single supreme god. Both share many of the same stories in their central religious texts. Both believe in an afterlife. All of the above
All of the above
Which statement best explains the meaning of "one person, one vote"? One person should not be allowed to vote twice. A voter deserves one chance to vote. A voter should vote only once a year. All people's votes should count equally.
All people's votes should count equally.
What are the most commonly diagnosed mental disorders in the United States? ADHD Mood disorders Autism spectrum disorders Anxiety disorders
Anxiety disorders
Who wrote the book On Death and Dying, outlining the five stages of grief? Ignatz Nascher Erik Erikson Elisabeth Kübler-Ross Carol Gilligan
Elisabeth Kübler-Ross
Which statement best expresses the difference between power and authority? Authority involves intimidation. Authority is more subtle than power. Authority is based on the perceived legitimacy of the individual in power. Authority is inherited, but power is seized by military force.
Authority is based on the perceived legitimacy of the individual in power.
Which factor most increases the risk of an elderly person suffering mistreatment? Bereavement due to widowhood Having been abusive as a younger adult Being frail to the point of dependency on care The ability to bestow a large inheritance on survivors
Being frail to the point of dependency on care
Which of the following statements is not true? The life expectancy of Black males in the United States is approximately five years shorter than for White males. The infant mortality rate for Black people in the United States is almost double than it is for White people Black people have lower cancer rates than White people. Hispanic people have worse access to care than non-Hispanic White people.
Black people have lower cancer rates than White people.
In what part of the world have Confucianism and Taoism been primarily practiced? India Europe China The Middle East
China
Which statement best expresses why the United States is not a true democracy? Many politicians are corrupt. Special-interest groups fund political campaigns. Citizens elect representatives who vote on their behalf to make policy. Ancient Greece was the only true democracy.
Citizens elect representatives who vote on their behalf to make policy.
Which socialist perspective most emphasizes the ways in which religion helps to maintain social inequalities within a society? Functional Symbolic interactionist Conflict theory Feminist perspective
Conflict theory
Which theory of education focuses on the ways in which education maintains the status quo? Conflict theory Feminist theory Functionalist theory Symbolic interactionism
Conflict theory
Which of these is an example of a commodity? A restaurant meal Corn A college lecture A book, blog entry, or magazine article
Corn
Which of the following is not a manifest function of education? Cultural innovation Courtship Social placement Socialization
Courtship
Which of the following types of authority does not reside primarily in a leader? Dictatorial Traditional Charismatic Legal-rational
Dictatorial
When sociologists think about technology as an agent of social change, which of the following is not an example? Population growth Medical advances The Internet Genetically engineered food
Population growth
Which statement best expresses why there have been so few charismatic female leaders throughout history? Women have different leadership styles than men. Women are not interested in leading at all. Few women have had the opportunity to hold leadership roles over the course of history. Male historians have refused to acknowledge the contributions of female leaders in their records.
Few women have had the opportunity to hold leadership roles over the course of history.
Which perspective most emphasizes the ways in which religion helps keep the social system running smoothly? Functional perspective Symbolic interactionist perspective Conflict perspective Feminist perspective
Functional perspective
Which of the following paradigms would consider movements such as Occupy Wall Street undesirable and unnecessarily forcing social change? Symbolic interactionism Functionalism Feminism Conflict theory
Functionalism
Which sociologist is not associated with conflict theory? C. Wright Mills G. William Domhoff Karl Marx George H. Mead
George H. Mead
Which is evidence that the United States workforce is largely a meritocracy? Job opportunities are increasing for highly skilled jobs. Job opportunities are decreasing for midlevel jobs. Highly skilled jobs pay better than low-skill jobs. Women tend to make less than men do for the same job.
Highly skilled jobs pay better than low-skill jobs.
Which of the following is a criticism of the family life cycle model? It is too broad and accounts for too many aspects of family. It is too narrowly focused on a sequence of stages. It does not serve a practical purpose for studying family behavior. It is not based on comprehensive research.
It is too narrowly focused on a sequence of stages.
What is the primary driver of modernization theory? Industrialization Aging Conflict Interactions
Industrialization
What is the most important commodity in a postindustrial society? Electricity Money Information Computers
Information
Which of the following is not an aspect of globalization? Integrating governments through international trade Integrating cultures through international trade Integrating finance through international trade Integrating child care through international trade
Integrating child care through international trade
Which concept corresponds best to functionalism? Happiness Interdependence Revolution Symbolism
Interdependence
Who was the leading theorist on the development of socialism? Karl Marx Heidimarie Schwermer Émile Durkheim Adam Smith
Karl Marx
Which of the following present and former government leaders is generally considered a dictator? David Cameron Barack Obama Qaboos bin Said Al Said Kim Jong-Un
Kim Jong-Un
What term describes the assignment of students to specific education programs and classes on the basis of test scores, previous grades, or perceived ability? Hidden curriculum Labeling Self-fulfilling prophecy Tracking
Labeling
Which president signed the Voting Rights Act? Lyndon Johnson John F. Kennedy Jr. Barack Obama Franklin D. Roosevelt
Lyndon Johnson
Which public healthcare system offers insurance primarily to people over sixty-five years old? Medicaid Medicare Veterans Health Administration All of the above
Medicare
Which assertion about aging in men would be made by a sociologist following the functionalist perspective? Men view balding as representative of a loss of strength. Men tend to have better retirement plans than women. Men have life expectancies three to five years shorter than women. Men who remain active after retirement play supportive community roles.
Men who remain active after retirement play supportive community roles.
Which is an economic policy based on national policies of accumulating silver and gold by controlling markets with colonies and other countries through taxes and customs charges? Capitalism Communism Mercantilism Mutualism
Mercantilism
What are some denominations of the Christian Protestant church? Catholic and Jewish Jehovah's Witnesses and Presbyterians Scientology and Hare Krishna Methodist and Seventh-day Adventist
Methodist and Seventh-day Adventist
Which of the following organizations is not an example of a social movement? National Football League Tea Party Greenpeace NAACP
National Football League
Which of the following is true of intimate partner violence (IPV)? IPV victims are more frequently men than women. One in ten women is a victim of IPV. Nearly half of instances of IPV involve drugs or alcohol. Rape is the most common form of IPV.
Nearly half of instances of IPV involve drugs or alcohol.
Which type of child abuse is most prevalent in the United States? Physical abuse Neglect Shaken-baby syndrome Verbal mistreatment
Neglect
Which nation is an absolute monarchy? Oman Great Britain Denmark Australia
Oman
According to the World Health Organization, what was the most frequent cause of death for children under five in low-income countries? Starvation Thirst Pneumonia and diarrheal diseases All of the above
Pneumonia and diarrheal diseases
Which of the following do the functionalist and conflict perspectives share? Position that religion relates to social control, enforcing social norms Emphasis on religion as providing social support Belief that religion helps explain the mysteries of life None of the above
Position that religion relates to social control, enforcing social norms
In which sector of an economy would someone working as a software developer be? Primary Secondary Tertiary Quaternary
Quaternary
Which current world figure has the least amount of political power? President Barack Obama Queen Elizabeth II British Prime Minister David Cameron North Korean leader Kim Jong-Un
Queen Elizabeth II
What does the individual mandate provision of the 2010 U.S. healthcare reform do? Requires everyone to buy insurance from the government Requires everyone to sign up for Medicaid Requires everyone to have insurance or pay a penalty None of the above
Requires everyone to have insurance or pay a penalty
What are the major factors that affect education systems throughout the world? Resources and money Student interest Teacher interest Transportation
Resources and money
The U.S. Supreme Court case _________________ led to the revision of voting districts to account for differences in population density. Roe v. Wade Reynolds v. Sims Brown v. Board of Education Marbury v. Madison
Reynolds v. Sims
Some controversial groups that may be mislabeled as cults include: Scientology and the Hare Krishna the Peoples Temple and Heaven's Gate the Branch Davidians and the Manson Family Quakers and Pentecostals
Scientology and the Hare Krishna
Which country serves as an example of convergence? Singapore North Korea England Canada
Singapore
Who determines which illnesses are stigmatized? Therapists The patients themselves Society All of the above
Society
What term describes the separation of students based on merit? Cultural transmission Social control Sorting Hidden curriculum
Sorting
Which action reflects ageism? Enabling WWII veterans to visit war memorials Speaking slowly and loudly when talking to someone over age sixty-five years old Believing that older people drive too slowly Living in a culture where elders are respected
Speaking slowly and loudly when talking to someone over age sixty-five years old
Which of the main theoretical perspectives would approach religion from the micro-level, studying how religion impacts an individual's sense of support and well-being? Functionalism Symbolic interactionism Conflict theory Feminism
Symbolic interactionism
Which theory of education focuses on the labels acquired through the educational process? Conflict theory Feminist theory Functionalist theory Symbolic interactionism
Symbolic interactionism
Which program is an example of socialized medicine? Canada's system The United States' Veterans Health Administration The United States' new system under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Medicaid
The United States' Veterans Health Administration
What group created the Millennium Development Goals? UNICEF The Kaiser Family Foundation Doctors Without Borders The World Health Organization
The World Health Organization
Which of the following is not part of the rights and responsibilities of a sick person under the functionalist perspective? The sick person is not responsible for his condition. The sick person must try to get better. The sick person can take as long as she wants to get better. The sick person is exempt from the normal duties of society.
The sick person can take as long as she wants to get better.
What is social epidemiology? The study of why some diseases are stigmatized and others are not The study of why diseases spread The study of the mental health of a society The study of the causes and distribution of diseases
The study of the causes and distribution of diseases
The Arab Spring, Occupy Wall Street protests, and the Tea Party movement have the following in common: They sought to destroy central government. They are examples of conflict theory in action. They can only occur in a representative democracy. They used violence as the means of achieving their goals.
They are examples of conflict theory in action.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of multinational corporations? A large share of their capital is collected from a variety of nationalities. Their business is conducted without regard to national borders. They concentrate wealth in the hands of core nations. They are headquartered primarily in the United States.
They are headquartered primarily in the United States.
What do nations that are top-ranked in science and math have in common? They are all in Asia. They recruit top teachers. They spend more money per student. They use cutting-edge technology in classrooms.
They recruit top teachers.
Conflict theorists see IQ tests as being biased. Why? They are scored in a way that is subject to human error. They do not give children with learning disabilities a fair chance to demonstrate their true intelligence. They don't involve enough test items to cover multiple intelligences. They reward affluent students with questions that assume knowledge associated with upper-class culture.
They reward affluent students with questions that assume knowledge associated with upper-class culture.
In the U.S. Senate, it is customary to assign each senator a seniority ranking based on years of government service and the population of the state he or she represents. A top ranking gives the senator priority for assignments to office space, committee chair positions, and seating on the senate floor. What type of authority does this example best illustrate? Dictatorial Traditional Charismatic Legal-rational
Traditional
Which factor does not influence voting practices? Race Social class Ethnicity Voting booths
Voting booths
According to the study cited by the U.S. Census Bureau, children who live with married parents grow up with more advantages than children who live with: a divorced parent a single parent a grandparent all of the above
a single parent
Sociologists using conflict perspective might study what? How social movements develop What social purposes a movement serves What motivates inequitably treated people to join a movement What individuals hope to gain from taking part in a social movement
What motivates inequitably treated people to join a movement
When did the first economies begin to develop? When all the hunter-gatherers died When money was invented When people began to grow crops and domesticate animals When the first cities were built
When people began to grow crops and domesticate animals
Chronic fatigue syndrome is an example of _______________. a stigmatized disease a contested illness a disability demedicalization
a contested illness
Rewarding students for meeting deadlines and respecting authority figures is an example of ________. a latent function a manifest function informal education transmission of moral education
a manifest function
According to emergent-norm theory, crowds are: irrational and impulsive often misinterpreted and misdirected able to develop their own definition of the situation prone to criminal behavior
able to develop their own definition of the situation
Maya is a twelve-year-old girl living in Thailand. She is homeless, and often does not know where she will sleep or when she will eat. We might say that Maya lives in _________ poverty. subjective absolute relative global
absolute
Many constitutional monarchies started out as: oligarchies absolute monarchies dictatorships democracies
absolute monarchies
If someone does not earn enough money to pay for the essentials of life he or she is said to be _____ poor. absolutely essentially really working
absolutely
The 1972 case Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia set a precedent for __________. access to education average spending on students desegregation of schools teacher salary
access to education
An older woman retires and completely changes her life. She is no longer raising children or working. However, she joins the YWCA to swim every day. She serves on the Friends of the Library board. She is part of a neighborhood group that plays Bunco on Saturday nights. Her situation most closely illustrates the ______ theory. activity continuity disengagement gerotranscendence
activity
Core nations that work to propel peripheral nations toward modernization need to be aware of: preserving peripheral nation cultural identity preparing for pitfalls that come with modernization avoiding hegemonistic assumptions about modernization all of the above
all of the above
Functionalist theory sees education as serving the needs of _________. families society the individual all of the above
all of the above
Which of the following factors can affect the pay gap? having children lower education level being married all of the above
all of the above
According to the symbolic interactionist perspective, we "do gender": during half of our activities only when they apply to our biological sex only if we are actively following gender roles all of the time, in everything we do
all of the time, in everything we do
The protesters at the Egypt uprising rally were: a casual crowd a conventional crowd a mass an acting crowd
an acting crowd
The racial term "African American" can refer to: a Black person living in the United States people whose ancestors came to the United States through the slave trade a White person who originated in Africa and now lives in the United States any of the above
any of the above
Research suggests that people generally feel that their current family is _______ than the family they grew up with. less close more close at least as close none of the above
at least as close
Sidewalk ramps and Braille signs are examples of _______________. disabilities accommodations required by the Americans with Disabilities Act forms of accessibility for people with disabilities both b and c
both b and c
In the past, the United States manufactured clothes. Many clothing corporations have shut down their U.S. factories and relocated to China. This is an example of: conflict theory automation global inequality capital flight
capital flight
The Protestant work ethic was viewed in terms of its relationship to: evolution and natural selection capitalism determinism prejudice and discrimination
capitalism
If elderly people suffer abuse, it is most often perpetrated by ______. spouses caregivers lawyers strangers
caregivers
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. used his public speaking abilities and magnetism to inspire African Americans to stand up against injustice in an extremely hostile environment. He is an example of a(n) __________ leader. traditional charismatic legal-rational illegitimate
charismatic
The behaviors, customs, and norms associated with a class are known as: class traits power prestige underclass
class traits
Veterans are two to four times more likely to ______ as people who did not serve in the military. be a victim of elder abuse commit suicide be concerned about financial stresses be abusive toward care providers
commit suicide
Karl Marx believed social structures evolve through: supply and demand enlightenment conflict cooperation
conflict
The class, race, and gender inequalities in our healthcare system support the _____________ perspective. conflict interactionist functionalist all of the above
conflict
A sociologist who focuses on the way that multinational corporations headquartered in core nations exploit the local workers in their peripheral nation factories is using a _________ perspective to understand the global economy. functional conflict theory feminist symbolic interactionist
conflict theory
Sociologist G. William Domhoff's Who Rules America? asserts that wealth is often necessary to exert the most influence over social and political systems. This is a ____ perspective. conflict theory symbolic interactionist functionalist feminist
conflict theory
Compared to most Western societies, U.S. sexual attitudes are considered _______. conservative liberal permissive free
conservative
Learning from classmates that most students buy lunch on Fridays is an example of ________. cultural transmission educational access formal education informal education
cultural transmission
The removal of homosexuality from the DSM is an example of ____________. medicalization deviance interactionist theory demedicalization
demedicalization
If a sociologist points out that core nations dominate the global economy, in part by creating global interest rates and international tariffs that will inevitably favor high-income nations over low-income nations, he is a: functionalist dependency theorist modernization theorist symbolic interactionist
dependency theorist
An older man retires from his job, stops golfing, and cancels his newspaper subscription. After his wife dies, he lives alone, loses touch with his children, and stops seeing old friends. His situation most closely illustrates the _______ theory. activity continuity disengagement gerotranscendence
disengagement
When Karl Marx said workers experience alienation, he meant that workers: must labor alone, without companionship do not feel connected to their work or to one another move from one geographical location to another have to put forth self-effort to get ahead
do not feel connected to their work or to one another
Scapegoat theory shows that: subordinate groups blame dominant groups for their problems dominant groups blame subordinate groups for their problems some people are predisposed to prejudice all of the above
dominant groups blame subordinate groups for their problems
Jerome is able to use the Internet to select reliable sources for his research paper, but Charlie just copies large pieces of web pages and pastes them into his paper. Jerome has _____________ while Charlie does not. a functional perspective the knowledge gap e-readiness a digital divide
e-readiness
Based on meritocracy, a physician's assistant would: receive the same pay as all the other physician's assistants be considered a member of the upper class most likely marry a professional at the same level earn a pay raise for doing excellent work
earn a pay raise for doing excellent work
The main difference between an ecclesia and a denomination is: the number of followers or believers is much larger for denominations the geographical location varies for ecclesia versus denominations ecclesia are state-sponsored and considered an official religion there are no important differences; the terms are interchangeable
ecclesia are state-sponsored and considered an official religion
One reason critics oppose globalization is that it: has positive impacts on world trade has negative impacts on the environment concentrates wealth in the poorest countries has negative impacts on political stability
has negative impacts on the environment
In general, children in ______ households benefit from divorce. stepfamily multigenerational high-conflict low-conflict
high-conflict
Core nations are also known as __________________ high-income nations newly industrialized nations low-income nations developing nations
high-income nations
All of the following are characteristics of global cities, except: headquarter multinational corporations exercise significant international political influence host headquarters of international NGOs host influential philosophers
host influential philosophers
Sociologists tend to define family in terms of how a given society sanctions the relationships of people who are connected through blood, marriage, or adoption the connection of bloodlines the status roles that exist in a family structure how closely members adhere to social norms
how a given society sanctions the relationships of people who are connected through blood, marriage, or adoption
The median age of first marriage has ______ in the last fifty years. increased for men but not women decreased for men but not women increased for both men and women decreased for both men and women
increased for both men and women
A cultural universal is something that: addresses all aspects of a group's behavior is found in all cultures is based on social norms may or may not be of value in meeting social needs
is found in all cultures
Megachurches tend to have: a variety of male and female clergy numerous buildings in which to meet high attendance for only a limited time large arenas where services are held
large arenas where services are held
Social scientists refer to the use of a church to combat social injustice in the political realm as: the protestant work ethic conflict management liberation theology justice work
liberation theology
In the past, Southern states discouraged African Americans from voting by requiring them to take a _____________________ test. blood literacy lie detector citizenship
literacy
The type of socialism now carried on by Russia is a form of ______ socialism. centrally planned market utopian zero-sum
market
The movie Babel featured an international cast and was filmed on location in various nations. When it screened in theaters worldwide, it introduced a number of ideas and philosophies about cross-cultural connections. This might be an example of: technology conglomerating symbolic interaction media globalization
media globalization
The process by which aspects of life that were considered bad or deviant are redefined as sickness and needing medical attention to remedy is called: deviance medicalization demedicalization intersection theory
medicalization
Amalgamation is represented by the _____________ metaphor. melting pot Statue of Liberty salad bowl separate but equal
melting pot
In the United States, most people define themselves as: middle class upper class lower class no specific class
middle class
China is undergoing a shift in industry, increasing labor specialization and the amount of differentiation present in the social structure. This exemplifies: human ecology dependency theory modernization conflict perspective
modernization
If a sociologist says that nations evolve toward more advanced technology and more complex industry as their citizens learn cultural values that celebrate hard work and success, she is using _______ theory to study the global economy. modernization theory dependency theory modern dependency theory evolutionary dependency theory
modernization theory
In the mid-90s, the U.S. government grew concerned that Microsoft was a _______________, exercising disproportionate control over the available choices and prices of computers. monopoly conglomerate oligopoly technological globalization
monopoly
Children of divorced parents are _______ to divorce in their own marriage than children of parents who stayed married. more likely less likely equally likely
more likely
Many deaths in high-income nations are linked to __________________ cancer obesity mental illness lack of clean water
obesity
A sect: has generally grown so large that it needs new buildings and multiple leaders often believes it must split from the larger group to return to important fundamentals is another term for a cult All of the above
often believes it must split from the larger group to return to important fundamentals
What is the practice where the differences between low-end and high-end jobs become greater and the number of people in the middle levels decreases? polarization meritocracy outsourcing structural unemployment
outsourcing
A child who associates his line of descent with his father's side only is part of a _____ society. matrilocal bilateral matrilineal patrilineal
patrilineal
Public schools must guarantee that ___________. all students graduate from high school all students receive an equal education per-student spending is equitable the amount spent on each student is equal to that spent regionally
per-student spending is equitable
Conflict theorists see sorting as a way to ________. challenge gifted students perpetuate divisions of socioeconomic status help students who need additional support teach respect for authority
perpetuate divisions of socioeconomic status
A woman being married to two men would be an example of: monogamy polygyny polyandry cohabitation
polyandry
A boy throwing rocks during a demonstration might be an example of ___________. structural conduciveness structural strain precipitating factors mobilization for action
precipitating factors
If a movement claims that the best way to reverse climate change is to reduce carbon emissions by outlawing privately owned cars, "outlawing cars" is the ________. prognostic framing diagnostic framing motivational framing frame transformation
prognostic framing
Plessy v. Ferguson set the precedent that _____________. racial segregation in schools was allowed separate schools for Black and White students were unconstitutional students do not have a right to free speech in public schools students have a right to free speech in public schools
racial segregation in schools was allowed
Informal education _________________. describes when students teach their peers refers to the learning of cultural norms only takes place at home relies on a planned instructional process
refers to the learning of cultural norms
If we divide social movements according to their positions among all social movements in a society, we are using the __________ theory to understand social movements. framing new social movement resource mobilization value-added
resource mobilization
Among the reasons socialism never developed into a political movement in the United States was that trade unions _________. secured workers' rights guaranteed health care broke up monopolies diversified the workforce
secured workers' rights
Many stories in the sacred text of Judaism are: referred to as the Apocrypha oral traditions only because Judaism has no sacred text shared by Christianity and Islam no longer part of the Torah
shared by Christianity and Islam
Couples who cohabitate before marriage are ______ couples who did not cohabitate before marriage to be married at least ten years. far more likely than far less likely than slightly less likely than equally as likely as
slightly less likely than
While PETA is a social movement organization, taken together, the animal rights social movement organizations PETA, ALF, and Greenpeace are a __________. social movement industry social movement sector social movement party social industry
social movement industry
Because she plans on achieving success in marketing, Tammie is taking courses on managing social media. This is an example of ________. cultural innovation social control social placement socialization
social placement
Allowing a student to move to the next grade regardless of whether or not they have met the requirements for that grade is called ____________. affirmative action social control social promotion socialization
social promotion
Great Britain's healthcare system is an example of ______________ socialized medicine private healthcare single-payer private healthcare universal private healthcare
socialized medicine
Key predictors for student success include ____________. how many school-age siblings the student has socioeconomic status and family background the age of the student when she or he enters kindergarten how many students attend the school
socioeconomic status and family background
Current divorce rates are: at an all-time high at an all-time low steadily increasing steadily declining
steadily declining
The high unemployment rate among people with disabilities may be a result of ____________. medicalization obesity stigmatization all of the above
stigmatization
Social movements are: disruptive and chaotic challenges to the government ineffective mass movements the collective action of individuals working together in an attempt to establish new norms beliefs, or values the singular activities of a collection of groups working to challenge the status quo
the collective action of individuals working together in an attempt to establish new norms beliefs, or values
Children in peripheral nations have little to no daily access to computers and the Internet, while children in core nations are constantly exposed to this technology. This is an example of: the digital divide human ecology modernization theory dependency theory
the digital divide
In addition to social movements, social change is also caused by technology, social institutions, population and ______. the environment modernization social structure new social movements
the environment
Misogyny is: A certain kind if spa treatment One's biological sex How we know our gender roles the hatred of or, aversion to, or prejudice against women
the hatred of or, aversion to, or prejudice against women
The "graying of the United States" refers to ________. the increasing percentage of the population over sixty-five years old faster aging due to stress dissatisfaction with retirement plans increased health problems such as Alzheimer's
the increasing percentage of the population over sixty-five years old
The Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) is an example of ________________ the social construction of health medicalization disability accommodations a contested illness
the social construction of health
A(n) _________________ is an extremely oppressive government that seeks to control all aspects of its citizens' lives. oligarchy totalitarian dictatorship anarchy absolute monarchy
totalitarian dictatorship
When the League of Women Voters successfully achieved its goal of women being allowed to vote, they had to undergo frame __________, a means of completely changing their goals to ensure continuing relevance. extension amplification bridging transformation
transformation
The majority of U.S. children live in: two-parent households one-parent households no-parent households multigenerational households
two-parent households
A sociologist working from a symbolic interaction perspective would: study how inequality is created and reproduced study how corporations can improve the lives of their low-income workers try to understand how companies provide an advantage to high-income nations compared to low-income nations want to interview women working in factories to understand how they manage the expectations of their supervisors, make ends meet, and support their households on a day-to-day basis
want to interview women working in factories to understand how they manage the expectations of their supervisors, make ends meet, and support their households on a day-to-day basis
Ben lost his job when General Motors closed U.S. factories and opened factories in Mexico. Now, Ben is very anti-immigration and campaigns for large-scale deportation of Mexican nationals, even though, logically, their presence does not harm him and their absence will not restore his job. Ben might be experiencing _____________. xenophobia global commodity chains xenophilia global assembly line
xenophobia
